Leach-C : Lab Analysis

// - FTP/TCP flow from n0 to n3, starting at time 1.2 to time 1.35 sec.

Symmetric clustering: In this node both the nodes perform the operations and monitor each other. when one fails then the other machine

All stations are connected by cable or wireless to a central point, such as hub or a switch. If the central node is operating in a broadcast fashion such as a Hub, transmission of a frame from one station to the node is retransmitted on all of the outgoing links. In this case, although the arrangement is physically a star, it is logically a bus. In the case of the central node acting as switch, an incoming frame is processed in the node and then retransmitted on an outgoing link to the destination station. Ethernet protocols IEEE 802.3 are often used in the Star topology LAN.

A communications protocol characterizes the guidelines for sending pieces of information starting with one hub in a system then onto the next hub. Conventions are regularly characterized in a layered way and give all or part of the administrations indicated by a layer of the OSI reference show. A convention characterizes the operation of the convention and may likewise propose how the convention ought to be actualized. It comprises of three sections:

The CSC consists of a sequence of four steps which are executed in sequence: \textit{(i)} Nodes use their maximum transmission power to connect to their neighboring nodes; \textit{(ii)} CC-links are established to increase connectivity; \textit{(iii)} The resulting topology from steps 1 and 2 are combined and we use topology control to select the routes towards the sink node that reduce the number of hops to reach the sink node.

It was observed that as the number of nodes increase, so would the network lifetime. There are three states in the defined in GAF. These states are: finding in which neighbours are decided in the grid, active for reflecting the participation and sleep in which radio is turned off. The transitions of state are shown

maximization of network lifetime [8]. This protocol is also divided into two phase: 1. Clustering and 2. Routing of aggregated data. In clustering phase, a fixed topological arrangement is done by sensor nodes. In the data aggregation phase, heuristic is proposed. The advantage is that it provides energy efficiency and network lifetime also be increased.

In this section, we present the details of proposed protocol. Our protocol implements the idea of probabilities for cluster heads selection based on initial energy and residual energy of sensor nodes as well as the average energy of the sensor network.

This protocol use Dijkstra algorithm. It maintains a complex data base, also called as link state database, which contains full information about the remote routers and the exact network topology. The goal from this protocol is to provide similar information about network connection to each router, so each router can calculate the best route to each network this is happen when each router generates information about itself and pass these information to other routers in the network so each router make a copy of this information without changing it.

In order to evaluate the performance of the proposed DCHS algorithm, we compare MILP with the energy consumption and delay constrained routing protocol.

A group of wireless sensor nodes (devices) dynamically constructs a temporary network without the exercise of any pre-existing network infrastructure or centralized administration. The main goal of ad-hoc networking is multihop broadcasting in which packets are transferred from source node to destination node through the intermediate nodes (hops). The main function of multi hop WSN is to enable communication between two terminal devices through a bit of middle nodes, which are transferring information from one level to another level. On the foundation of network connectivity, it dynamically gets to determine that which nodes should get included in routing, each node involved in routing transmit the data to further

Also, it is possible that the k-means algorithm won't find a final solution.  In this case it would be a good idea to consider stopping the algorithm after a pre-chosen maximum of

At the beginning of first period, each node except the sink node sets its both cost fields to and parent node fields to -1, but at the beginning of subsequent periods, each node only sets its both cost field to and no change is made to the parent node fields. The sink node sets its both cost fields to 0 and set its parent node fields to its own ID. At the beginning of this phase, sink node transmit an ADV1 message to all its neighbours. When a node receives an ADV1 message, it does not broadcast its own ADV message to its neighbour immediately. Following steps are executed before sending the ADV1 message to its

To implement proposed and existing schemes and compared in terms of throughput, delay and packetloss

Online Heuristic with CST. To solve the above problem, we initially make the seed clusters with the existing nodes/users using CST and once we have formed 'K' equal size coherent clusters, we switch to Online Heuristic for real time performance.