Lead In Chemistry

The lead in the environment is formed naturally in the earth’s crust mainly as Lead Sulphide. The main exposure channels of lead entering the environment through atmospheric lead is predominantly from automobile emissions. Other lead exposure routes include lead-acid batteries, paint chips, fertilizers, utilized ammunition, pesticides, and other industrial byproducts. The means of conveying lead from key emission sources is mainly through the air. Concerning the sources of lead in drinking water, normally lead reaches into the residents’ water after it is channeled from their water treatment plant or the wells. To be more precise, the source of lead in people’s water supply largely emanates from their households’ pipes or lead solder from plumbing. The most typical cause of the lead formation is from the corrosion reaction by the lead pipes or solders and the water. The acidity as a result of the low pH, dissolved oxygen, and little mineral contents in the water are main reasons of the corrosion. The lead amounts in the water become high if the water spends a long duration of time stagnated inside the old pipes.

Lead was discovered in 3000 BC, making it one of the earlier metals discovered. Lead became popular due to how easy it is to

Batteries: The major usage of lead is making storage batteries. The grey colour negative electrode is made of Pb and the red colour on the positive electrode is PbO2 in the battery. Airplanes, automobiles, electric vehicles, trucks, tanks, and broadcasting station all use the storage batteries as the energy source of light and making one battery needs dozens of kilograms of lead (Crompton 2000).

The major sources of lead here were gasoline, paint chips and water from old plumbing. After lead was removed from gasoline and paint, blood lead levels (BLL) in children decreased on average from 16 mcg/dL to less than 3 mcg/dL. Residual lead persists in the environment, however. A toxic level is currently defined as 5 mcg/dL. In U.S. children age 1-5, the prevalence of BLLs >10 mcg/dL decreased from 88% to 4.4% between 1976 and 1994 and further dropped to 0.8% by 2010. Yet there are still almost half a million children in the U.S. with levels >5

Lead poisoning in children was first discovered in 1890 in Queensland, Australia. The lead source was not identified until 1904, when a researcher traced it to the paint used on railings and verandahs. The first discovery of lead poisoning in the United States (with a traceable source) was in 1914; the child had chewed the paint off of his crib. At this time they linked lead poisoning as a cause of convulsions in children. As research progressed and more children were found with high lead levels, symptoms caused by lead were expanded to include lead meningitis, acute encephalopathy, intellectual dullness, reduced consciousness, seizures, comas, and death (Chisholm, 1982).

Lead is a toxic chemical that was regularly used in household plumbing materials. The use of lead has been illegal since 1986, to make drinking water safer and healthier. While it is unlikely that your water contains lead, it is still something to watch out for.

poisoning. Lead is an element on the periodic table and was widely used in paint. Artists

Since the ban of lead based paint in residential homes, gasoline, and plumbing materials in 1978, numerous preventative measures have been put in place to protect children in the United States from exposure to high amounts of lead (Levin et al., 2008). As researchers and health care providers bring to light the many adverse health effects associated with chronic lead exposure, recent data suggests that there is no safe amount of lead a child can be exposed to. Yet while the regulations imposed have been significantly effective, elevated blood lead levels (EBLs) among U.S. children remain high. This literature review analyses whether lead poisoning is still a predominant threat to U.S. children by addressing the following

Lead, a naturally occurring metal and can be used in almost everything. It can cause serious health issues if it is exposed for a long time, particularly in children as they are more susceptible to absorbing and retaining lead in their bodies. Each year, in the United States 310,000 of 1- to 5-year age group are found to have unsafe levels of lead in their blood, which can cause a wide range of symptoms. (1)

* Lead. Lead is hazardous to health as it accumulates in the body and affects the central nervous system. Children and pregnant women are most at risk.

Throughout the course of human history, man has used lead for many different reasons. It was used extensively by both the Greeks and Romans. The Greeks used lead to extract silver for coinage and as rebar in its marble columns for extra support and strength. Similarly, the Romans also used lead to extract precious metals from various ores, roofs for structures and joints for columns, and lastly, as a flavoring additive to provide sweetness. However, this extensive use of lead resulted in many falling ill due to lead poisoning as both the Greeks and Romans consumed lead in their drinking water and, as some historians argue, there downfall. Despite the known health effects of lead exposure mankind continued to use lead as a pigment in paint

The element I got was Lead, Lead is a chemical element that is assigned the symbol Pb it is from the Latin plumbum and it is a bluish-white element, Lead is not really rare but since it is fairly widespread and easy to extract it typically occurs in very small amounts in ores and is found in the ores galena, anglesite, cerussite and minim also the earth’s crust contains approximately 0.0013 percent lead. Lead can be toxic to humans and animal but is found mostly in combination and used a lot in cable sheaths, batteries, solder, and pipes, its ductility and resistance to corrosion with tiny leaks, make it a particularly good material for constructing water pipes. This element has been known since ancient years and the year is unknown when it

Lead is a substance that comes from the layers of the earth. This element is very toxic for people and other living organisms. People cannot manufacture lead because it is naturally coming from earth layers (“Learn about Lead,”2016).  Lead is “ a soft, heavy, ductile bluish-grey metal, the chemical element of atomic number 82” (2“Lead - Definition of Lead in English from the Oxford,”016).

Lead is important for the production of glass and bullets. Lead can be mined from boulders and lead veins. Like stone and iron, the pickaxes are generally the best tool type for collecting it. It can also be acquired by scrapping or melting down lead based items, such as fishing weights and lead

Lead is harmful to humans interferes with the action of particular enzymes in the body. It inhibits the synthesis of haemoglobin and interferes with energy production by cellular mitochondria. Long-
term overexposure can cause numerous health problems, including anaemia, nervous system disorders, mental retardation, kidney disease and decreased fertility. Muscle pain, mid-abdominal pain, convulsion and nausea are some symptoms of acute lead poisoning.