INTRODUCTION
As the world changes and progress, it becomes more complex than before. The advances in technology, the globalization that opened and bridged the economies of the world, political and social factors contributed to people’s need of continuous development. So as an important parameter of the ongoing need of innovation and changes of the nature of work, leadership development becomes essential part of the success of the organisations. The aim of this paper, is to try and identify if all people in all organisations should be given the opportunity of leadership development and discuss one aspect of leadership theory, the approaches and limitations of the leadership development.
LEADERSHIP THEORY
To begin with, between leader and
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It is said, that one of the most common leadership style that business adopt is based on transformational leadership theory. (www.mindtools.com).
Transformational leadership theory is about creating a high- performance workforce by stimulating people’s realization of their potentials and achieve goals beyond their requirements. To be able and adopt the changes into the organisations culture and inspire people to follow, they must cultivate the four “I” model which exhibits four factors: idealized influence, individualized consideration, intellectual stimulation and inspirational motivation. (Avolio, Waldman & Yammarino, 1991).
Idealized influence talks about the leader becoming a role model for the followers, someone to trust and respect, and as a result to idealize him and his ideas.
Individualized consideration factor is how leaders promotes themselves as mentors to their followers. Followers are supported by their leaders and reward them for being creative and innovative, thus they also provide them with the feeling of empowerment of being free to make their own decisions.
Intellectual stimulation is when leaders encourage the followers to be innovative and creative. There is support from the leaders for new ideas without criticizing mistakes committed by the followers and are keen to disregard old practices and
This means to revolutionise intangible qualities such as vision, values, ethics, standards, long-term goals and culture they practice currently. To do that, the leader has to be able to assess followers' motives, satisfy their needs and treat them as full human beings. A leader engages and creates a bond with his/her followers that in turn raise the level of morality and motivation between them (Northouse,
There are many models of leadership that exist across a range of fields (e.g. social work, education, psychology, business, etc.). The ability to transform an organization successfully requires a different set of attitudes and skills. Transformational leadership is an approach where a leader utilizes inspiration, charisma, individualized attention, and intellectual stimulation with their employees (Iachini, Cross, & Freedman, 2015, p. 651). Transformational leadership helps to clarify organizational vision, inspires employees to attain objectives, empowers employees, encourages employees to take risks, and advocates the seeking of alternative solutions to challenges in the workplace (Transformational Leadership, 2015). It allows the leader to engage and motivate each follower identify with the organization’s values and goals.
That also relates to the leadership style of the transformational leader. They focus on the people as the key elements to bring change to an organization.
As we learned in the Full Range Leadership lesson, Idealized Influence is a key aspect to leadership, and means that as leaders we are communicating the right kind of influence, acting as a role models for others to follow… in simple terms
In today’s competitive world, leadership skills are crucial for both personal and professional development. Leadership is an important function of management which helps an individual or a business to maximize efficiency and to achieve goals. Leadership has different meanings to various authors.Most commonly, leadership is defined as influence, that is, the art of influencing people so that they will strive willingly and enthusiastically toward the achievement of group goals. (Koontz). Leadership is the process of influencing the activities of either formal or informal group in the task of goal setting and goal achievement. A leader is one whose magnetic personality innervates people for some cause. Not by words, but by their actions is
The basic premise for leadership is the process of influencing other people to follow your lead in order to accomplish a goal. It is about the relationship between the leader and the followers. A good leader tries to motivate people to bring about positive changes revealing a common objective without using coercion or manipulation. Leadership is not about control, but permitting interaction and communication between the leader and the individual followers. With empowering others, leaders build a foundation of collaborative thinking and encourage an atmosphere of personal involvement; a leader can strengthen the respect and loyalty of his or her followers. Leaders can affect this process by applying their own personal characteristics, such
A leader’s ability to influence and motivate followers is a crucial skill that effective leaders must possess. This is why organizations allow leaders to control many of the operational functions of the organization. By controlling several key operational components, the leader is able to direct and institute change throughout the organization. The purpose of this paper is to analyze leader influence models and present the practical implications of their use.
The basis for transformational leadership is the belief that people will follow a person who inspires them. The theory postulates individuals with vision and passion can achieve great things and the way to get things done is by injecting enthusiasm and energy. The theory also asserts awareness of task importance motivates people. Other assumptions include the belief that a focus on the team or organization produces better work, association with a higher moral position is motivating and will result in people following a leader who promotes this, and working collaboratively is better than working individually.
Idealized influence comprises behaviors that insert pride in followers for being accomplice with the leader-often indicate or synonymous to charisma. It indicates that a leader will go beyond their individual self-interest for the greater good of the group and make personal sacrifices for others’ advantage. A transformational leader with idealized attributes displays a sense of power and confidence and is able to convine others that they can overcome obstacles. They tend to talk about their most important values and beliefs and the benefits of trusting one another. They point up a collective mission and note the importance of having a strong sense of desire. The members or team of the organization often impersonates leaders who possess idealized
Idealized influence does this by providing the leader an opportunity to lead by example (Dunbar & Winston, 2009). Inspirational motivation allows the leader to become engaged and promote the achievement of organizational goals. The leader does this by inspiring and motivating the team to contribute. Inspirational motivation also gives the leader an opportunity access follower well being (Dunbar & Winston, 2009). Intellectual stimulation allows the leader to encourage problem solving, idea generation, and solution finding for the betterment of the team (Dunbar & Winston, 2009). Finally, individual consideration allows the leader to identify strengths of followers and delegate organizational tasks based on skills and talents. This also provides the leader with an opportunity to increase followers self efficacy, by delegating tasks to help develop or increase a followers skills (Dunbar & Winston, 2009).
showed that two main behaviors, consideration and initiating structure. Consideration is how the leader shows concern for members of the group. These leaders treated everyone as his/her equal and were friendly and approachable. Initiation structure means the leader
Individualized Consideration Individualized consideration is how a leader takes into consideration their specific needs and abilities of his followers (Kriel, 2010). It is also about being empathetic towards the follower and giving them continuous encouraging support. This makes the follower feel that they are valued as the leader is paying close attention to them. Sosik and Jung (2010) stated that individualized consideration allows the leader to transfer their leadership capacity to the next generation of leaders. Koh (2012) noted that individualized consideration can support intellectual stimulation as it is a two-way communication where there is sharing and feedback involved.
Idealized influence refers to the followers’ view at the leader in terms of power, charisma, self-confidence, trust, consistency and ideals to influence his followers, in which individuals make efforts to imitate and respect. Based on Ahmad and Abbas (2014), idealized influence means being a role model in front of employees and ready for sacrifices for the benefits of whole group. The researcher also added that, under idealized influence dimension, leaders provide vision, mission and faith and also inspire subordinates about objectives of organization.
Idealized influence is measured on two components, attributional component and behavourial component. Northouse (2013, p.191) states that “attributional component refers to the attributions of leaders made by followers based on perception they have of their leaders” and behavourial component refers to “followers’ observations of leader behaviour. “
Idealized Influence (II) requires leaders to serve as an exemplar to followers. Inspirational Motivation (IM) obliges leaders to stimulate and encourage followers. Considered the most formative TL component, Individualized Consideration (IC) demands leaders hold developmental and supportive concern for followers. Finally, Intellectual Stimulation (IS) necessarily demands follower cognitive growth as a leader charge.