Leafy Products Are An Important Part Of A Healthy Diet

An unknown bacterium was handed out by Dr. Honer. The appropriate tests were prepared and applied. The first procedure that was done was the gram stain. Under a microscope, if the gram stain is purple, the bacterium is gram positive, if the stain is red, it is gram negative. The next test was the fermentation tests for glucose, sucrose and

The purpose of this lab was to identify an unknown bacteria culture using differential tests. The identification of the unknown culture was accomplished by identifying the bacteria based on its specific metabolic characteristics and morphology. It is suggested that culture 11 is a sample of Enterobacter aerogenes.

5. We disposed the contents of test tube SPNB into ENB using a disposable transfer pipet and inverted twice to mix the solution

Negative result is no color change with mineral oil on top of solution. This bacterium has +/- reaction on MAC plate. It could survive in an acidic environment, but it not able to ferment lactose. The bacteria grow on the plate, but did not change the color of the plate to bright pink. This bacterium has a +/- result on Bile Esculin Agar.

The main idea of this experiment was to correctly identify the unknown bacteria, #3. Identification of unknown bacteria yields multiple benefits in many different areas in the research of microorganisms. In this experiment I performed many different test dealing with things such as the presence of enzymes, fermentation abilities and different chemical reactions. Observations made from the tests were then compared to a gram negative unknown chart in order to identify the bacteria. Based off of my results and the chart, I concluded the bacteria #3 was the bacteria Escherichia coli. E. coli is most commonly found in the intestines of warm blooded organisms. Most E. coli strands are non pathogenic however, there are strands

In this experiment, an unknown bacterium was given to each individual student. The main purpose of this lab was to identify the given unknown bacteria going through a series of biochemical tests as one of the gram negative bacteria among six different Gram negative bacteria Escherichia coli, Enterobacter aerogenes, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Salmonella typhimurium. At the very beginning, streaking method; T-streak technique was used to isolate the pure colonies. For the morphological identification of unknown bacteria, Gram Stain Method was done. Biochemical tests that were conducted for the experiment

To start off unknown #3, I picked out O17 from rack A and wrote down my name, date, class, and I first noticed the broth was a light yellow that was quite cloudy or milky. Soon later I streaked my organism onto a TSA plate and incubated it at 37oC for 24 hours, t was almost a perfect plate. There was no contamination; I could tell it there was only one species on the plate and that it was okay for me to move on. There were many isolated colonies in quadrants 3 and 4. The colonies were small and white in color, it was not translucent. I then began to make my 2 slants, inoculating a straight line on each slant, I incubated it at 37oC for 24 hours. The next day, I made sure my slants were pure and also there was a thick line of organism where I had inoculated with a yellow-white color. Now I was ready to begin making my slides and start staining. I used E. Coli and S. Aureus next to my unknown to help me

5) One final test was run on the sample and that was the EMB test. Results of this test showed little to no growth on the EMB plate while the color of the colony (although barely visible) remained the same color as the agar. This test is selective for gram negative bacteria but inhibits the growth of gram positives. It also is differential in that it can test whether a bacteria can ferment lactose. Due to the fact that there was virtually no growth (a very faint haze) and no color change of the agar, the sample can be said to be gram

Glycine max, more commonly known as soybeans, are part of the legume family and grown in various climates. The history of the plant, production worldwide, types, nutrition information, products from soybeans, pests, beneficial insects, and diseases are important to the present day growth of soybeans.

For the immediate problem, all remaining seeds and alfalfa sprouts from the implicated lot should be removed from the market. People who have purchased sprouts from the implicated lot should be instructed to destroy any remaining sprouts or return them to the store which they were purchased. One might want to examine other lots of seed used for sprouting from these same producers. If there is evidence for fecal contamination, other lots intended for human consumption should also be removed from the market. The producers of these particular seeds should be informed of the need to protect alfalfa and other seeds used in sprouting from contamination during growing, harvesting, and packing. Specific sources of contamination should be identified and eliminated from these growing sites. Addressing seed sprouts as a high risk vehicle for foodborne diseases is a more difficult task. Sprouts appear to be at increased risk for contamination with foodborne pathogens for the following reason: The seeds used to produce sprouts are a natural product, grown in the dirt, surrounded by dirt and the associated feces and bacteria. Therefore, the risk of contamination of the

Contamination of produce by bacteria has become an ever increasing concern in recent years. Unfortunately, the precise route of contamination is not completely understood. While physical contamination can definitely occur pre or post-harvest, there is also the incidence of internalized contamination. This specifically has caused the highest number of questions overall, especially in relation to Salmonella spp., Listeria spp., and E. coli O157:H7. It is believed that a primary mode of transmittance could potentially be through contaminated water, whether irrigation, flooding, chemigation, or spraying. The following information will review the scientific evidence that has been found to support this theory.

Accurate evaluation of bacterial colonization as a predictive index for alfalfa sprouts has relied on a quantitative culture technique that provides exact colony counts per gram of tissue by culture of five serial dilutions of the alfalfa water. In this study 1 package of alfalfa sprouts were cultured by a semi-quantitative technique that enumerated the number of gram-negative enteric organism in 1 ml of alfalfa water. Exact colony counts from the experiment were available only from cultures 10-2 and 10-3 CFUs. Other colony counts were reported as less than 10-3 or greater than

Cronobacter spp. are prevalent organisms that have been secluded from a variety of sources. Different cereals, herbs, spices, and ready-to-eat products, as salads, confectionery, cheese products, meat, and vegetables have often been in minimal contact with the organism (Iversen and Forsythe 2004; Friedemann 2007; Baumgartner et al. 2009). A number of such products conform to the natural plant habitat for Cronobacter spp. considering the raw materials a source for such organism’s contamination. With respect to the environment, this organism had been also separated from freshwater, knowing that the isolate is the species type strain of C. universalis, which was also named as C. genomospecies 1) NCTC 9529 (Iversen et al. 2007). In Barcelona, Spain,

Several microorganisms have the ability to promote plant growth and produce compounds which are known to stimulate plant defenses by inducing systemic resistance (ISR) in attacked plants (1). Bacillus species are commonly used in formulating microbial fertilizers due to their rapid beneficial effects in colonizing plant root and establishing Rhizobia bacteria mutualism inside their root structure. In this paper research, I will observe this unique interaction by examining the gene expression of soybeans (Glycine max) and their response to bio-inoculants under a heat stress. I will use four different treatments: control, Defensor, Rhizoboost, Defensor and Rhizobium, and Rhizoboost and Rhizobium. Once the infected seeds germinate, I will incubate soybean seeds at 25 oC and 37 oC for approximately 16 hours followed by grinding seeds for RNA purification. Gene expression data will be then obtained and collected via qPCR analysis followed by microarray analysis for more data confirmation. Additionally, a two-way ANOVA and a Tukey’s multiple comparison test will be used to determine the significance of the data. This study will give us a good idea on the effect of bacterial fertilizers (Defensor,

pathogens due to seed bacterization with rhizobacteria came from the works of Burr et al.