Lean Burn Combustion

A mixture of fuel and air within each cylinder is ignited by a spark from the spark plug. As the fuel combusts, it goes a chemical reaction, yielding gaseous byproducts. Gasoline can only burn if it is in a vapor. The chemical equation for the combustion of the octane within gasoline is: 2 C8H18(g) + 25 O2 Þ 16 CO2(g) + 18H2O(g).” (Science Of NASCAR) The gases the begin to expand, this expansion pushes against the piston, causing it to move downward. Each of the following eight cylinders will then fire, and once all eight cylinders fire, the process repeats itself over again. Indy cars use pure Methanol (CH3OH), while NASCAR’s use the same fuel as your everyday car a “leaded 110-octane gasoline. The lead is in the form of a compound known as tetraethyl lead (Pb(CH2CH3)4).”(Science of Nascar) A small amount of Pb(CH2CH3)4 which is Tetraethyllead this is used to keep the gas from igniting when compressed. Octane, C8H18 (sometimes called noctane or normal octane), is a hydrocarbon that can be compressed fairly well without igniting. Isooctane is an isomer of octane, it’s better at being compressed without igniting, so it’s used in regular gasoline and is given the value of 100 in the octane rating

To effectively capture the energy lost from a diesel engine exhaust pressures, the turbocharger was implemented to boost the power of engine and thereby increasing the fuel efficiency. The majority of the heat energy from the exhaust and coolant has yet to be captured and utilised. There has been many challenges to recovering the heat as the low grade heat from the diesel engine cannot be

A period of 5 years from 2008 to 2013 is considered for combustion instabilities performance evaluation before modifications measures are fully implemented. In the past major changes in the gas turbine exhaust gas temperature distribution as well as reduced margin to the combustion stability were observed in all 5 S1 gas turbines, leading to hot/cold spots events and trips, Acceleration Max 1,Max 2 unload events and Max 3 trips.

NASCAR engines like the Twin-h power and the 7x were production designed engines for the NASCAR and stock car circuit (“Birth” 1).

The performance of a diesel truck and a gas burner truck are very different, but either one can be advantageous depending on its use. The horsepower of the diesel truck averages around 360, but can easily be modified with plug and go tuners that can increase HP to over 500 while the gas burner is at an all time high around 420 HP in the new v8 engines. The gasser may prevail in horsepower, but the diesel dominates in torque. The gasser tops out around 460 lb/ft while the diesel blows it away at 765 lb/ft. The towing capacity is the game changer for the diesel truck compared to the gasser. The gasser starts to struggle around 12,000 pounds at high RPMs, but the diesel is still running smoothly around 17,500 pounds. It is hard for the gasser’s towing power to beat the towing power of

All internal combustion engines rely on the combustion of a chemical fuel. This process normally outcomes in the production of a large quantity of

7). The combustion increases the temperature of the exhaust gases, any residual air in the combustion chamber, and the combustion chamber itself. From the ideal gas law, the increased temperature of the gases also produces an increased pressure in the combustion chamber; the high pressure of the gases acting on the face of the piston cause the piston to move to which initiates the power stroke (para. 8). Unlike the compression stroke, the hot gas does work on the piston during the power stroke. The force on the piston is transmitted by the piston rod to the crankshaft, where the linear motion of the piston is converted to angular motion of the crankshaft. Hall’s article for NASA states that the work done on the piston is then used to turn the shaft (para. 8). Having produced the igniting spark, the electrical contact remains opened. During the power stroke, the volume occupied by the gases is increased because of the piston motion and no heat is transferred to the fuel/air mixture (para. 9). As the volume is increased because of the piston 's motion, the pressure and temperature of the gas are decreased. Heat that is left over from the power stroke is now transferred to the water in the water jacket until the pressure approaches atmospheric pressure; the

gasoline and is therefore comparable to that of coal. Ethanol also has excellent anti-knock qualities due to its high octane number and a high latent heat of evaporation, which makes the temperature of the intake manifold lower. In addition to the effect of latent heat of evaporation, the difference in combustion products compared with gasoline further decreases combustion temperature, thereby reducing cooling heat loss. Reductions in CO2, nitrogen oxide (NOx), and total hydrocarbons (THC) combustion products for ethanol vs. gasoline are described.

CFD concentrates to quantify internal flow physics, use of commercial codes and creating in house codes. Thermo acoustics and other configurations are investigates under alternative engine study to increase power density and enhance reliability. Extension of operation life, high temperature abilities and engine performance are focused in advanced materials research.

The world we live in is surrounded by diesel engines. They are on the freeways, railways, airways, and are one of the leading electricity producers in the world. They are also becoming more popular in automobiles. These engines are efficient and reliable and they are getting very sophisticated. However, the physics behind these engines has not changed.

Periodically, the engine switches to a richer air-fuel mixture that increases the content of unburned hydrocarbons (HC) in the exhaust. In the presence of the platinum catalyst in the LNT, the HC reacts with the NOX, converting everything to nitrogen, water and carbon dioxide. Once the NOX in the trap has been consumed the engine reverts to lean operation and the cycle starts over again.” (Motavalli 2015)

This equation is representative of a stoichiometric air fuel ratio (14.7:1). However under normal driving conditions an engine will encounter lean conditions when cruising on the highway (better milage) and rich conditions when accelerating (better power). The lean condition results in oxide and harmful nitrogen compound production. Rich conditions result in carbon monoxide production. For this reason a catalytic converter is used on most larger engines.

Pratt and Whitney’s PurePower Geared Turbofan can help reduce fuel usage by up to 16 percent with just a gearbox added

I 'm writing this research paper for my Thermodynamics class with Professor Roh. I have a big interest in turbine gas engines and how they operate. My future goal within mechanical engineering is to learn how to maintain and design turbine gas engines.

I C ENGINE is an engine, where the combustion of fuel ( in general fossil fuel ) occurs with an oxidizer ( usually air) in a combustion chamber that is an integral part of the working fluid flow circuit.