Lean Manufacturing And Its Production

The company should also focus on lean manufacturing because it has certain positive points like increase of efficiency, decrease in the waste, improvement of control and also this will create the unique demand and need of the customer in terms of products. It will also offer cost savings strategy and will maximize the high amount of values ​​with high

“Lean means creating more value for customers with less” (Krejewski, L., Ritzman, L.P., & Malhotra, M.K., 2013). Implementing this into a project can make the project very successful at a lower rate of cost and time. There are five steps in allowing the lean process to work successfully. This process is easy to remember but not always easy to achieve. Specifying the value from the customer’s point of view of the product that the customer is interested in purchasing is the first step. Identifying all the steps of value for the product the customer wants to purchase and eliminating the steps that are unnecessary is the second step. Creating a sequence of steps that flow in a consistent fashion and will flow smoothly toward the customer is the third step. Introducing the flow of the product that the customer is interested in purchasing and allowing the customer to pull value from the product is the fourth step. The fifth and final step in the lean technique process is “as value is specified, value streams are identified, wasted steps are removed, and flow and pull are introduced, begin the process again and continue it until a state of perfection is reached in which perfect value is created with no waste” (Lean Enterprises Institute, 2015).

Lean is defines the manufacturing philosophy that reduces the time between the shipping and customer demand, which based on the systematic method by eliminating waste, that means giving the customer what they want when they want it, and don 't waste whatever. Rahmana, Sharif and Esa (2013) suggested lean production is mentioned to improve the company 's performance from the philosophy in reducing waste in order. That means, lean system destination is the decrease cost by removing the non-value activities, which they are applying a category of tools and techniques for checking and eliminating defective in the production process. In the Evenort Company should emulate the five overriding principles of lean thinking in terms of implementing lean that there is guarantee the company has been driving correctly in the lean manufacturing (Cardiff 2015) as can show in table 1.

Lean Construction is inspired from the Toyota Production. Toyota production provided the Transform -Flow –Value(TFV) philosophy of production in 1950’s.(Koskela, 1992).According to this philosophy the production is not only transformation of the inputs to outputs but there exists a flow of resources and information which seeks to generate

The primary objective of lean is to produce more value for customers with fewer resources. The advantage of lean production is it helps in reducing the cost of production by eliminating unnecessary materials used in production. Disadvantages of lean production are that it depends on the inventory the supplier keeps in his hand of which the suppliers often prefer in keeping a small amount of stock which is not acceptable in a lean production system. The material supply can delay being delivered to the production house due to unavoidable circumstances that may include transportation breakdown, suppliers strike or specific product not available (Theory of Constraints

Lean Thinking is an improvement approach to improve flow and eliminate waste that was first introduced in 1987. At the beginning, Lean describes production methods and product development, when compare to traditional mass production processes, which produce more with higher quality and in a short time. The Lean’s goal is to develop a way to specify value, line up value to create value in the best sequences, conduct these activities without interruption and perform them more effectively (Womack and Jones 2013).

Even with the massive amount of research that has taken place into the Toyota Production System, fifty one years after it was born, Slack et al still refer to Lean Manufacturing as a ‘radical departure from traditional operations practice’.

The term ‘lean production’ came about to describe the Toyota production system in the late 1980’s. This came to pass through a research group from MIT who over five years analysed the automotive industry in fourteen countries. It was called ‘lean manufacturing’ rather than the Toyota production system to make it easier for competitors and organizations to adopt this type of system.

In order to capture the market, Toyota evolved unique processing strategies so that a flexible variety at low cost, a realizable quality and small lot sizes could be reached (Liker, 2004). This was the start of the lean enterprise which comprises of lean process, lean culture and philosophy and lean supply chain process.

Lean Manufacturing is an approach taken by manufacturing organization to increase efficiency through optimization and maximize customer value while minimizing waste. Traditionally, Lean principles were applied to manufacturing industries especially automotive companies. However, with the success in automotive industry, it no longer limited to automotive sector and can be applied in other manufacturing sectors as well as services industries (Balle, et al., 2006). The drivers for implementing Lean in both manufacturing and service sectors are customer demands for better quality products and services, managerial demands for cost reduction and sustaining in an increasing market competitiveness.

EijiToyado post World War II aimed to augment Toyota worldwide. According to him the manufacturing systems in America would not satisfy his goals. He established Toyota Production System to achieve good quality, flexible output while reducing waste.In today’s world Toyota Production System is known as ‘Lean Production’, a more improved theory and was first made known through The machine thatchanged the world (Womack et al., 1990). ‘Lean projects’ are project’s that delivers a maximum value while creating minimum waste.Lean production includes teams of worker who are multi skilled and are present at all stages in addition use machines that are highly automated to

Lean manufacturing originated after WWII in Japan to help revitalize their manufacturing industry. The industry was booming in the United States because of the revolutionary invention of Henry Ford’s Model T and the creation of the flow production, but the lack of variety created demand and Toyota answered that demand (Lean).

Lean originally originated from Total Productive Maintenance (TPM) (McCarthy, 2015) in the early 1900’s however it wasn’t until the Toyota family introduced the Toyota Production System (TPS) into their company manufacturing operations that it began to gain recognition. In the 1950’s, Toyota first implemented quality measures within the production lines process and hence the initial stages of continuous improvement. Taiichi Ono, who was the executive vice president, developed and implemented the renowned Toyota Production System (TPS) after the Second World War as a means of producing a highly effective and efficient manufacturing line for their products. Ono took great inspiration from Henry Ford’s early lean concepts and applied it to meet the demand of their own Japanese market. This built the seeds of TPS, which today is better known as lean manufacturing (Womack&Jones, 1996).

The cement industry is ideal example of the continuous process manufacturing where the traditional mass production system is adopted in order to produce, accumulate, and move thousands tons of materials between the work areas. The nowadays challenge is to change the cement industry from traditional mass production into more effective production system aiming to increase the productivity, overall performance, and capacity utilization to meet high marker demand. The cement industry is forced to reduce the production costs and delay times in order to take advantages in the global competition environments.

PAPER-5: The Darker side of Lean: An Insider’s Perspective on the realities Toyota Production Systems