Learning About Each Age Group

Daniel Levinson depicts the late adulthood period as those years that encompass age 65 and beyond. Other developmental psychologists further divide later adulthood into young-old (ages 65–85) and old-old (ages 85 and beyond) stages. Today, 13 percent of the population is over the age of 65, compared with 3 percent at the beginning of this century. This dramatic increase in the demographics of older adulthood has given rise to the discipline of gerontology, or the study of old age and aging. Gerontologists are particularly interested in confronting ageism, or prejudice and discrimination against older adults.

40 percent of practicing physicians are older than 55; about one-third of the nursing workforce is over age 50.

| Development of basic trust, a derivative of the positive attachment between the infant and the primary caretaker, occurs during the first year. This is a cornerstone of emotional development. (0 - 1) Ability to control oneself in a given environment. Developing rudimentary selfconcept - displaying pleasure at being ‘good‘, yet shame, upset, distress and embarrassment at being ‘bad’. (1 - 3) Initially no moral development, as baby but shows needs by crying, cooing, smiling etc. (0-1). No understanding of right or wrong, starts to understand yes/ no. Can have tantrums and sudden mood changes,

Two occupations in which you should have knowledge of aging would be a doctor and a psychologist. I think that both these job require knowledge of aging because they are used throughout our whole life and different aliments can affect us at different ages in life. A doctor should have knowledge of an older person and their physical and mental issues because it can be the difference between deciding to do a surgery or not. A psychologist should have knowledge of older folks mental issues so that they can decide what the older person is going through at that age such as Alzheimer’s. I also feel that these are two very important jobs because they both deal with health issues and they can help figure out what is wrong and help, that’s why they should have knowledge of issues that can affect people at different ages.

Gerontology is important to study due to the aging population of the United States and more specifically in the state of Maine. In the United States the life expectancy continues to rise where according to U.S. Census Bureau by 2020 "life expectancy in the U.S. will be 77.1 years for men and 81.9 years for women" (2014). This is changing how the work force as well as different health care professions that are working with the aging population. It is important to continue to study this population and the best ways to help them be healthy and happy as they age. When I hear geriatrics, I just think of older people. The residents at the nursing home I work at also come to mind.

In my opinion, older adults would be the most challenging to work with within a health and human service setting. Two health related concepts that I would find particularly challenging for older adults are memory and behavior change. The two modifications I would make to my own thoughts and behaviors are showing empathy and using motivational interviewing. An example of showing empathy in a Physiotherapy setting is putting myself in the shoes of a patient who has forgotten to complete rehabilitation exercises. An example of incorporating motivational interviewing is developing the discrepancy between where they are right now to where they want to be once the change is made. Older adults would be the most challenging to work with but also the most rewarding.

The age group I prefer to work with is the elderly due to the fact that they are often forgotten of in our society. I favor possibly working at a nursing home facility over visiting a patients home since environments controlled and safe through organizations. Completing my service learning at a nursing home center confirmed this fact that I would be more comfortable having a consistent work place. Originally I feared my communication skills were inadequate to work a nursing home facility however, I excelled at conversing with resident at the

It starts shortly after birth, when the infant experiences nourishment for the first time. While feeding, the child learns that pleasure can be obtained from the very sensitive organ that is the mouth. The child might suck on his thumb, which provides pleasure even if there is no milk, which is the first form of auto-erotic pleasure that humans experience. Children will also experience their first frustrations in that stage, for example hunger and thirst, and their first aggressive impulses, such as biting, yelling, and crying (Kahn 42). The main conflicts that arise in that stage are weaning, feeding, and thumb sucking. Scheduled feeding, and ignoring the baby's cries to be fed outside of scheduled times, teaches the baby that his needs are less important than others'. Punishing a child for sucking his thumb teaches him that pleasure is shameful and bad. Weaning to early or too late might lead to an oral fixation (43). Severe oral fixations can lead to eating disorders and extreme passivity and dependence, will mild oral fixations lead to eating when stressed or lonely, mild passivity and dependence, and a craving for oral stimulation (Wood et al.

The aging population will create many new obstacles for the healthcare industry because as people age they are more likely to develop illness and disease. According to the EWA, nearly 65% of all people 65 and over and 60% of people between 50 and 64 have at least one chronic illness. The healthcare workforce is not nearly large enough to treat the number of patients that will require medical attention. Health professionals will be in high demand because it is estimated that over 3,000,000 additional medical workers will be needed to meet the needs of the aging population. Diseases that are associated with aging are very expensive to treat

Life in “The Memorable Age” - life in disease, malnutrition and natural disasters - streets aka “toilets” full of garbage and waste - different activities Politics - Elizabeth I - effective government ( Henry VII & VIII ) - defeat of the Spanish Armada - slave trade - international trade Culture - 400% population increase - economy boom - extreme rich/poor separation - artistic explosion - entertainment ( theater, dance, music, bear-baiting, archery, soccer, ect. ) Medicine & Illness - rare or inefficient medicine - deathly illness - high chances of dying - “Black Death” & “bubonic plague” ( Ch. 2) Study - learn envelopment - “knowledge is power” sigh Sciences - new discoveries - Renaissance rebirth - Alchemy - Copernicus

1. My niece fits into the infancy stage. She is not even a year old. I can see the oral-sensory mode with her. She is constantly taking in the world around her by trying new things with her senses and trying to put things in her mouth. At this stage she is experiencing basic trust vs mistrust. She is trying to trust the world and the people around her. I see this as the basic issue. Hope is another issue that is present. I believe with the help of her supportive parents she is being to develop hope and not withdrawal. She is very open and not withdrawn in any setting. Understanding her basic concerns of trust and mistrust helps me better understand her needs. Although she cannot talk yet, I can use this information to better connect with her

The term elderly refers to those who are age sixty-five and older. There are three subsections of the elderly which include the young-old who are age sixty-five to seventy-four, the old-old who are age seventy-five to eighty-four, and the oldest-old who are age eighty-five and older. As the overall age of the United States' population is increasing, known as the graying of America, The current percentage of people sixty-five and older is about twelve percent and is expected to increase significantly over the next twenty years. This increase, cultural changes, and familial changes have led to an increased need of financial resources, legal aide, medical care, and nursing and assisted living facilities for the elderly. Because people are simply living longer than they have before, this puts increased tension on the society as a whole including government programs, legal and protective services, but especially the medical field. Instead of the family taking care of their elderly as in the past, now many of them end up in nursing homes and assisted living facilities.

The age group are 7 and 8, second grade class. The classroom consists of 7 students with an IEP, with a general education teacher and special education in the classroom.

Parents are primarily responsible for satisfying this stage of development in their child. It is imperative parents are attentive to their infant's needs so trust can be developed.

For right now we’re only going to talk about infancy until middle childhood. Infancy begins at birth and ends when children begin to use language, so Erik Erikson’s psychosocial stages would begin with the first stage which is birth to a year old which would be trust versus mistrust stage. The positive characteristics gained and typical activities an infant would do is to “trust in primary caregiver and in one’s own ability to make things happen (secure attachment to caregiver is key)”(27). This means that an infant from the age of birth to a year old would rely on his or her parents which is the primary caregiver to make things happen like eating, changing his or her diaper, feeling loved, being held, being bathed, and many other things that are important for an infant to basically survive. The second stage is from one to three years old, this stage is called autonomy versus shame and doubt. In this stage “new physical skills lead to demand for more choices, most often seen as saying “no” to caregivers; child learns self-care skills such as toileting”(27). Erik Erikson’s psychosocial theory is a grand