Lebana Essay

Iran gave direct support to Hezbollah through the Iranian Revolutionary Guards. Hezbollah opposed Lebanon because it was supported by Israel and the United States, and in 1985 it issued its political agenda through the “Open Letter to the Downtrodden in Lebanon and in the World.”# In 1989, the Taif Accord emerged and the Lebanese Civil War ended in 1990 when Syrian troops moved into parts of Lebanon that were not occupied by Israel. The Taif Accord balanced powers between Christians and Muslims in Lebanon, and overall tried to maneuver equality amongst both groups although Sunni elites were given the dominant role. After the Taif Accord, economic conditions continued to worsen and many began to underestimate the ability of Syria to control Lebanon. Syria then made the strategic move to promote Rafiq al-Hariri in 1992 to rescue Lebanon from its eventual demise. Hariri was able to boost the economy and revive morale in the Sunni communities. By the 1990s Hariri was capable of governing Lebanon independent of Syria. This began a decline of Syrian support for him, and a decline of Sunni dominance. After Hariri’s assassination in 2005, Syria was able to grasp control of Lebanon once more, and enabled Hezbollah to demonstrate a larger role. First existing as a revolutionary Islamist movement,

During the early days of Hezbollah the Iranian Revolutionary Guard provided much of its support (Laub and Masters, 2014). Hezbollah has essentially been doing Iran’s dirty work in their fight against Israel. Both Iran and Hezbollah want the annihilation of Israel and won’t stop until it is eradicated entirely. The current Iranian President, Mahmoud Ahmadinejad, has said many times in the past that Israel is a “disgrace” and has no place being in the Middle East (Charbonneau, 2012). It is very clear that Iran’s

Since the establishment of Hezbollah in 1982 as part of the Iranian government’s Revolutionary Guard, according to Spindlove et al (2010, pp. 249-252), the goal of this organization has since been the creation of an independent Islamic state exclusive of the nation of Lebanon. Moreover, according to a compilation of information by Berman (2015), it is widely believed that the Hezbollah ideology spawned during the Iranian Revolution. During this revolution, the rhetoric called upon Muslims to over through governments that oppressed them and their beliefs. Within Lebanon, according to perceptions of the Hezbollah leaders, the United States (U.S.) was ultimately to blame for the oppression of Lebanese Muslims and their beliefs while, simultaneously, viewing Israel as an extension of the U.S. and its policies within the region. Led by religious clerics, in addition to their desire for independence, the Hezbollah organization adopted an

Hezbollah originated from a group of Lebanese Shi’ite Muslims from Iran. Traditionally, they were the weakest religious group in Lebanon. Hezbollah is a militia and political party that started as a small group following the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in 1982. It is a group that Europe and the United States consider a terrorist group. November 22, 1943 Lebanon declared independence. Quickly after, the small country saw its authority being threatened by a group who is financed by Iran. In a video created by the Israel Defense Security it explains how Iran dictates the actions of Hezbollah. Hezbollah, a state within a state, is named ‘a party of god’. The goal of Hezbollah was to separate Israel from Lebanon and create an Islamic state. Hezbollah has attacked Israel countless times and they also fought in Lebanon’s civil war from 1975-1990. The Ta’if agreement ended the war and this is when Hezbollah became a top leader in politics. In 1992 the group was granted eight seats in the parliament. The group has big support from Iran and Syria, which has kept them protected.

After the Israeli invasion of Lebanon in June 1982 knowingly some young Muslims belonging Islamic committees and the movement of “Amal” to confront the Israeli occupation in cooperation with the Palestinian organizations and the Syrian army, but there was not an Islamic framework uniform, and a dispute within the movement “Amal” about participating in “Rescue Authority. On February 16, 1985 on the occasion of the first of the death anniversary of Sheikh Harb as with the start of the Israeli withdrawal from a large part of southern Lebanon, at then there was the announcement of Hezbollah organization which at first the primary duty is to resist Israel and no more than that. The form of this announcement included the open letter with the most important principles that Hezbollah must have believed in , which is "We in Lebanon are not closed organizational party and

Within the modern military era, Arabic-speaking armies have traditionally shown themselves to generally ineffective. From the 1960s, where Egyptian regular forces performed poorly against Yemeni irregulars, to the ‘70s, where the Syrians only managed to impose their will upon Lebanon through the utilisation of their overwhelming weight of weaponry and numbers. The Iraqis army demonstrated their own ineptitude in the 1980s, firstly with their wars with Iran, where their opponents were in possession of an army ripped apart by internal revolutionary turmoil showed ineptness against an Iranian military ripped apart by revolutionary turmoil in the 1980s, and secondly in their failure to win a three-decades-long war against the Kurds. Even with the intervention of Western powers, Arab military performance has remained poor, especially on both sides of the 1990 Kuwait war, where they performance was at best mediocre.4 Despite all these examples however, the primary military area in which Arabic armies have performed poorly is in their wars with Israel, where despite three Arabic attempts to conquer Israel with conventional warfare in 1948, 1967 and 1973, Israel has always emerged victorious. And the Arabs have done poorly in nearly all the military confrontations with Israel. In an article for the Middle East Quarterly in 1999 titled “Why Arabs Lose Wars”, Norvell De Atkine, a U.S. Army retired colonel with eight years residence in Lebanon, Jordan, and Egypt, and a graduate

In this day and age, we find ourselves at odds with our “identity” as we find that not only are we representing ourselves, but we also have ties to religion, sect, tribe, and family (Angrist). This shows that despite the cohesiveness and threads that attach us, it has the power to pull people, families, and in some cases countries apart. This conflict comes to a head when religion and ethnicity are interwoven. Hence when divisions occur, this can lead to violent wars that destroy trust between individuals. This can ingrain a sense of uneasiness and distrust that plagues people’s ideas and leaves a country divided. This is particularly evident in Lebanon. Ethnic and religious division led to the festering of feelings of marginalization and discrimination, which boiled over into the Lebanese civil war, a war that claimed the lives of 150,000 people (Szekely). The anger and frustration birthed from this to chaos, and conflict has in turn increased the division between ethnic and religious factions and led to the crumbling of Lebanese nationalism. This essay is specifically aimed at assessing the relationships between ethnic and religious divisions in Lebanon and explores how it contributed to the civil war. This is done by identifying and analyzing the main actors and makes an explanation of the historical divisions stemming from the National Pact, branching out to include the consequences of the civil war on the political structures and the identities of the

The format of this source is a primary journal news article, published by The Slate Group on 4th November, 2004. Warren Bass, the author, is a senior editor at The Slate and the author of ‘Support any friend: Kennedy’s Middle East and the Making of the U.S. Israel-Alliance’, and hence, is highly credible in a field that excels in historical writing. Bass discusses Yasser Arafat’s legacy, durability and the impacts he contributed to Palestine as a ‘terrorist pioneer,’ addressing both the Oslo I Accords and the PLO’s establishment. This source is extremely useful to the Historical Investigation Process, exemplifying the legacy of Yasser Arafat through evaluation of both positive and critical interpretations and providing relevant information

Moreover, the Zionist success during the Lebanon War in defending the state of Israel was the result of the Zionists themselves. The Israelis invaded Lebanon in June 1982 in order to destroy the Palestinian Liberation Organisation (PLO), who were launching regular attacks on Northern Israel from Lebanon. The Israelis encountered fierce resistance but by August 1982, the PLO leaders retreated to Tunisia. Despite being under continuous attacks from the PLO from Israel’s neighbouring countries, the Zionists successfully defended the state of Israel during the Lebanon War.

Did you know that a conflict between two could go on for as long as 68 years? The Israeli-Palestinian conflict has greatly changed the lives of many Arabs and Jews. The United States, European Union, the U.N., and Russia have worked together and focused all of their attention and help to the Arab-Israeli conflict. During the many protests throughout the 1970s and the 1980s, these peace groups were able to bring in over 100,000 protesters to supports their own opinions and reflect on what they believed. One of these main groups, the Lebanon Conflict Resolution Network (LCRN), attempted to develop the training and skills to resolve the conflict with as little violence as possible. These classes of people, including BZ in the production of Promises,

Primer on Palestine, Israel and the Arab-Israeli Conflict. Middle East Research and Information Project. n.p. n.d. Web. 1 Mar. 2017

Oren uses Arab resources to bring together discussions about the war that had been declassified prior to the 2000’s. Many and diverse sources were employed in the writing of this book. The bulk of the research is based on diplomatic papers from archives in North America, Britain and Israel, observing the thirty-year declassification rule. The protocols of Israeli Cabinet meeting remain for the most part classified, however, as do all but a segment of Israel Defense Forces papers. Archives in the Arab world are closed to researchers, though several private collection—Cairo Dar al-Khayyal, for example are accessible. Also, a significant number of Arabic documents fell into Israeli hands during the war, and can be viewed at the Israel Intelligence Library. From these resources, Oren hopes to answer several questions that have been posed about the war especially those by revisionist

As if Israelis did not have enough headaches, the recent agteement reached between Russians and Americans to create the safe zones in Southern Syria placed 2000 Russian troops, made up from Ingush Muslim minority out of Caucuses region, to police the area. In addition the Iranian sponsored Shia Militias will be free to operate just within a few miles from Israeli border. Mr Putin assured Bibi Netanyahu, who was initially asking for a sixty mile buffer zone, that they can control the cituation but it's doubtful that his promises eased an Israeli Prime Minister's anxiety because he knows full well that in the Middle East there is no such thing as controlled cituation.

Israel has complex security concerns that include both Palestinian and Syrian concerns. The roots of the problem are complex and vast. To deal with these, this essay, therefore, focused on the prime challenges, as well as obstacles to resolving them. This essay then propounded a list of five policies that can be grafted in order to endeavor to craft a solution in each of these areas. It is recommended too that America actively involve herself since, by so doing, America is simultaneously working towards ameliorating her own terrorist concerns. The essay is only a rough draft for security in the area. It needs to be worked on, and more needs to be done in order to ensure a lasting peace.

Hizbullah, a main political party in Lebanon, is affecting the social world by promoting their ideological and political position. Although all the countries surrounding Lebanon are facing conflicts and war, we are still taking neutrality as a Lebanese government. However, Hizbullah are deeply involved in the conflict happing in Syria, leading a huge military action outside the Lebanese borders. Hizbullah’s General Secretary Hassan Nasrallah has always been a highly appreciated leader with substantial followers. His decision to support the Syrian regime affected the internal politics of Lebanon. However, NAsrallah’s political performances and his skillful use of political