Legacies of Colonialism in the World Today

Classical Colonialism occurs when metropolitan nations fuse new territories or peoples through means which are virtually involuntary such as war, conquest, capture, and additional forms of enforcement and control. (Biauner 1987,150) Classical colonialism is distinguished by economic exploitation, forced entry, and cultural imperialism through the establishment of new institutions and methods of thought. (

A metropolitan area is a region that consists of a densely populated urban core and its less-populated surrounding areas that are economically and socially linked to it. The criteria of defining metropolitan areas changed in 2003. Smaller MSAs remained the same, but larger metropolitan areas, previously referred to as consolidated metropolitan statistical areas (CMSAs) are now defined as MSAs (see figure 1). Different portions of CMSAs, previously referred to as primary metropolitan statistical areas (PMSAs), have been redefined and reconfigured as metropolitan divisions. For example, the old New York CMSA consisted of eleven counties in two states and four PMSAs: New York PMSA, Nassau-Suffolk PMSA, Dutchess County PMSA and Newburgh, NY-PA PMSA (see figure 2). The current New York MSA consists of twenty-three counties in three states and four metropolitan divisions. Metropolitan divisions do not perfectly substitute for PMSAs, as they have different size thresholds (2.5 million vs. 1 million population), but they come as close to representing homogenous units as we can come with current census geography. Metropolitan divisions are designated for each of the eleven largest

As city populations rise, wealth inequality also rises. Rich areas become richer and poor areas become poorer. Spreading the wealth sometimes requires takeover and renovation of lower-class

The metropolitan areas of the Census do not conform to established municipal boundaries. The statistic defines them as a metropolitan area

Colonialism, the strong augmentation of a country's power by setting up political and monetary mastery of different countries, naturally infers the progression of a specific state to the detriment of its subordinated domains. It is thus why dominion basically profited the couple of expansionist states while applying long haul harms on the lion's share colonized regions.

Colonialism, as described by Stam and Louise Spence is when European powers reached a state of total control over areas of Asia, Africa and Latin America. Existing since the 16th century but Reaching its industrialized height in the early 20th century colonialism began to decline after World War I. There are still many areas still colonized by European powers including Puerto Rico, The Falklands, Guam and Gibraltar. These areas are still exploited without repercussion and have limited to no rights, especially indigenous islanders. Although these are examples of extreme direct control, through alliances and treaties, European powers still exert control over former colonies, and countries in Asia and Africa.

Colonialism/Postcolonialism is a remarkably comprehensive yet accessible guide to the historical and theoretical dimensions of colonial and postcolonial studies. National fantasies, be they colonial, anti-colonial or postcolonial also play upon the connection between woman, land or nation. Feminist theory and postcolonial theory are occupied with similar questions of representation, voice, marginalization, and the relation between politics and literature. Given that both critical projections employ multidisciplinary perspectives, they are each attentive, at least in principle, to historical context and the geopolitical co-ordinates the subject in question. The identification of women as national mother stems from a wider association of nation with the family. The topic of feminism and postcolonialism is integrally tied to the project of literary postcoloniality and its concerns with the critical reading and interpretation of colonial and postcolonial texts.

Within poverty-stricken West Texas, bombarded by advertisements for debt relief and paycheck advances, Toby and Tanner Howard perpetrate evil acts to escape from under systemic poverty. Marcus Hamilton, an emotionally distraught, slightly-racist Texas Ranger, attempts to catch the evil-doers as he comes to terms with his upcoming involuntary retirement and fear of uselessness and death. Though the juxtaposition of the story archetype of cowboys versus Indians and the morally complex characters, we see moral dilemmas that confront contemporary American policy, and the cascading effect said policy has on everyday people. Hell or High Water shows the negative effects of American capitalism, colonialism, and globalism, through the depravity of the banking system. In allowing the banks to abuse impoverished individuals, America creates its own shadow, in this case, the west Texas inhabitants. America casting aside west Texans sends the message that America (the self) failed to develop a healthy relationship with its shadow (its people) and neglected its people and allowed harmful policy that fuels prejudice and poverty.

A urban region suggests a zone with assorted and spatially scattered land employments. These land utilizes draw in and create developments to and far from them. Thusly, the more land utilizes a urban territory has, the more differentiated or more noteworthy: the goals; modular outings; financial exercises; versatility clashes

What shapes a society? Throughout history, colonization has impacted many societies and their ways of life. European colonization and colonialism largely impacted the Canadian First Nations’ way of life. Alfred (2009) referred to European colonization as “the invasion and eventual domination of North America by European empires” (p. 45). However, colonialism is a more complex concept that describes the relationship that occurred between the European and Indigenous peoples. Alfred (2009) inferred that “colonialism is the development of institutions and policies by European imperial and Euroamerican settler governments towards Indigenous peoples” (p. 45). The imbalanced relationship formed by European colonialism created lasting and long-term impacts for the Indigenous. These lasting impacts have implications for social workers when choosing an approach to helping Indigenous peoples today. European contact and colonialism created extensive and both immediate and long-term impacts on the Canadian First Nations. European colonization brought the introduction of commercial trade, creating capitalism and transforming the Indigenous political economy. The European imposition of capitalism forced Indigenous peoples to shift away from their traditional subsistence economy, creating four immediate effects: first, a disruption of their traditional pattern of economic life; second, a loss of their self-sufficient lifestyle; third, damage to the natural environment; and fourth, poverty.

During the 20th century aboriginals in Canada were victims of racism. The church and European settlers saw the aboriginals as savages because of their beliefs and values. In order to combat the ‘Indian problem’ the Canadian government introduced residential schools as an assimilation policy. Children were removed from their families and were forced to practice Christianity and learn the European way of life in order abolish the Aboriginal culture. This paper argues that Euro-centrism reproduces the marginalization and downward social mobility of aboriginal people through the residential schooling system.

History is full of examples of colonialism, where nations have expanded their reach and control over other nations and ing themselves by taken ing over adjacent territories and countries and settleding its people on thatin these new territory. In the fifteenth century, colonialism suffered

In this research, colonialism is understood as an imperial practice perpetuated in the beginning by European nations and contemporarily developed in neo-colonialism, perpetuated by neo-liberal hegemonies (Ashcroft, et.al 2000). It characterizes for being a form of exploitation, not only economic but also in social and cultural realms in which a metropolitan territory invaded and afterward settled in a different (and usually remote) territory (Said, 1993). Colonial discourse legitimizes the oppression that the settlers exercise against the natives; and this discursive formation is constrained by contradiction and a master-narrative that presupposes the colonized narratives are satellites of it (Bhabha, 1993).

Kjellstrom, T., Friel, S., Dixon, J., Corvalan, C., Rehfuess, E., Camphell- Lendrum, D., Gore, F and Bartram, J (2007) “Urban Environmental Health Hazards and Health Equity’’ Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine vol, 84(s1) pp. 86-197

The literature review consists basically a thorough desk based research of available materials linked to the subject in libraries and on the Internet. The more recent literature is examined basically from the 1990s for the development of the theoretical and conceptual discussions. Major scientific journals concerning urban expansion and growth, peripheral development, metropolitan development and