Leigh's Disease

Raul’s difficulties started at the young age of eighteen months, where doing this time his mother suffered the traumatic loss of her brother. This loss incapacitated Raul’s mother, as she was unable to get out of bed for weeks and this resulted in Raul being neglected. Shortly thereafter, Raul started banging his head. In addition, Raul’s younger sister was born prematurely and she required a substantial amount of care and attention, which caused further neglect for Raul. With his mom suffering from bouts

Boys begin to have difficulty sitting up and standing, weakness that progresses to muscles in the trunk and shoulder, and later affecting the heart muscle. By the age of twenty years individuals affected with Duchenne dystrophy die.

When it comes to neurocognitive disorders and neurodevelopmental disorders, reaserchers have been able to diagnose symptoms of a variety of disorders pertaining to the brain and growth development. Once knowing what the symptoms are behaviors become noticed and there becomes a reason for certain behaviors in individuals allowing different treatments for these disorders..

Companies promote their employees everyday, but when the department heads are considering which employees to promote, what should they take into consideration? Should seniority be considered or equal opportunity, or should a promotion be based solely on the worker who is dedicated to doing excellent work everyday? These questions and more come up in our group study project on Morality of Employees and Employers.

In the United Kingdom alone, 150 new born children per year suffer from life threatening, mitochondrial diseases. These diseases vary in severity from person to person, making them difficult to diagnose, and they inflict an array of ailments such as neurological problems, muscle weakness, visual or auditory impairments, heart, liver, and kidney disease,

Impairment of this type of memory makes it difficult for individuals to store and retrieve recent information (CITE). Similarly, problems with concentration are seen in individuals with muscular dystrophy. In a study by …, it was found that 18% of parents with a child with Duchenne muscular dystrophy reported their child had concentration difficulties and that these negatively impacted their daily lives, leading to learning difficulties and behavioral problems in school (CITE). Difficulties in the areas of language, memory, and concentration result in larger consequences such as difficulty in initiating and completing tasks, as well as, accepting change (CITE). Also, impacting cognitive abilities are the common behavioral problems and disorders among individuals with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. The three most common behavioral disorders include Autism Spectrum Disorder, Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder, and Obsessive Compulsive Disorder. The associated symptoms of these disorders, namely impulsivity, aggression, forgetfulness, and short attention span, also play a role in cognitive functioning and can be used to explain other cognitive problems (CITE).

This disease affects the nervous system. To affect this system it destroys the nerve cells in the brain and spinal cord. When the muscles have no nourishment in the muscles they slowly waste away.

Chronic wasting disease has been around for more than 60 years and has been destroying the deer and elk population in 23 US states. It is shutting down hunting in some states in United States and limiting it in other states. The Department of Natural Resources needs to the help the deer and elk population out by shutting down feeding and hunting.

Mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress have been consistently observed in brains of PD patients. There is increasing pharmacological and genetic evidence sustain a link between PD and mitochondrial respiratory chain dysfunction, particular a deficit in mitochondrial complex I (Franco-Iborra et al., 2015). Accidental exposure to 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,4-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), an mitochondrial complex I inhibitor, has been known to result in acute and irreversible syndrome that was almost indistinguishable from PD (Calne and Langston, 1983; Langston and Ballard, 1983). Later on, mitochondrial complex I inhibition has been identified in the brains of sporadic PD patients (Schapira et al., 1990). In addition, chronic systemic inhibition of mitochondrial complex I by pesticide rotenone has been found to link to sporadic PD (Betarbet et al., 2000). Interestingly, mitochondrial complex I deficiency has been found not only in the postmortem substantia nigra but also in cerebral cortex (Schapira et al., 1990), which is consistent to the cortical glucose hypometabolism observed in PD patients. Indeed, the pathology of PD has been found to involve several brain regions other than the SNc and many neurotransmitters other than dopamine (Lang and Obeso, 2004a, b). PD models using MPTP and rotenone have now been used extensively in PD research (Beal,

However, the disease progresses to the point that the children have difficulty rising from the floor and have an obvious waddling gait. This decline in motor strength remains linear. The symptoms accentuate themselves between the age of 3 and 8. On average, functional ability declines rapidly after age 8. By their 9th year some become confined to the wheelchair and by their 12th year most cannot remain ambulatory (Clinical pediatric neurology, Pg. 182). Other symptoms include large and rubbery calf muscles and in Duchenne muscular dystrophy an IQ that is significantly lower than the average, the mean IQ of affected children being of only 85. More importantly the pelvic weakness that prevented them from rising from the floor can increase to such a degree that breathing becomes difficult and some patients can die of chocking.

Symptoms include the child losing powerful hand skills and ability to speak. Hand movements such as hand wringing, washing, clapping, tapping, as well as the child putting their hands in their mouth become habit in this stage. The movements are prominent when the child is awake and disappear when the child is asleep. Breathing irregularities such as apnea and hyperventilating occur. Some of the girls will begin to display autistic like symptoms, losing social interaction, avoiding eye contact, and loss of communication. Slowed head growth becomes noticeable in this

To discuss many of the issues relevant to this disorder, and to further expose the difficulties faced by the parents whom children suffer from this same condition, this interview report displays an extensive Q&A session

1.1. Identify 2 conditions that may lead to an acute illness of the neurological system.

Paget’s disease (also known as osteitis deformans) is a chronic disease that affects bone growth, causing bones to become deformed and to be weaker than normal. In normal function, bone is continually being broken down and replaced by new bone, to keep the skeleton strong. In Paget’s disease, the cells called osteoclasts that break down bone, are overactive. This makes the cells that produce new bone, called osteoblasts, to work faster than normal. The resulting new bone is weak and of poor quality. The cause of the disease is unknown, but there is a strong genetic influence. Paget’s disease predominately affects people over the age of 40 years, and can occur asymptomatic. Early diagnosis can be made by X-ray, bone scan, and alkaline phosphatase

Most people that don’t have Parkinson’s or have never been around people with the disease don’t really know how people with it struggle. For Dale the disease just took over his life and he couldn’t really do anything that he once had. His wife also had limitations when he came to him to because he couldn’t do anything, which means they couldn’t do anything together. Dale seemed to be very active before Parkinson’s, but it wasn’t just the fun things he liked to do that couldn’t. Dale also struggled with everyday life things.