Lethal Concentration Lab Report

Pollution of Lake Huron has been over the years either through direct point sources or through non-point indirect sources (Saxena 1116). Direct point sources include sewage treatment firms and industries, which direct their wastes directly into Lake Huron and its tributaries. Nonpoint sources indirectly pollute water from the Lake, and majorly caused by man's activities and land policies applied by the man.

Rain washes the pesticides that are used in our Australians households and then become run-off in drains and sewers. They then make their way into nearby water bodies, wether that be creeks, rivers or even oceans and settle within the soil by sticking to small particles, including tiny living organisms like phytoplankton (M. Barwick, 2003, pp. 471-502). Small fish consume these tiny organisms, which may then be eaten by a larger organism and this continues until the top order consumer is reached. The concentration that first began in the phytoplankton and has multiplied sufficiently as it moves along the food chain. The amount of the pesticide has reached a highly toxic level in the top order predator, whether that is birds or even humans. As a result of the biomagnification of pesticides and other chemical the marine environment and the organisms that live within it are heavily affected. The build up of heavy metals, for example, it interferes with the formation of red blood cells, creates liver and kidney implications and forms reproductive defects in many organisms. This hinders an organism’s ability to survive and reproduce and can create a decline in species

Not only is pollution the cause of the death of many organisms essential to ecological balance, but human drinking water has also been affected.

to the body of Daphnia. For example, an experiment may test the effects of toxic chemicals on Daphnia, meaning that Daphnia can act as water quality indicators (Ren et al. 2009). The lack of Daphnia in certain areas signifies the presence of a toxic chemical, if the habitat meets the living requirements of Daphnia (Villegas-Navarro, 2003). Therefore, Daphnia act as indicators of environmental health as well as chemical responders reacting to potentially harmful

Individual Daphnia magna are transferred to a microscopic slide using a pipette. The Daphnia was moving freely in a drop of H2O on the slide. For the control, the heart rate of D. magna is observed for 15 seconds

Daphnia Magna will be used to measure how quickly dead zones are forming by eutrophication. We will use three different endpoints to measure the Daphnia Magna: Heartbeat, Mobility, and Mortality. We will have three fertilizers mixed with pond water in three separate test tubes per fertilizer with Daphnia Magna and one without ferilizer as the control. There will be three different sets each set will contain four test tubes: Three test tubes each with different fertilizers and one without as the control. We will then measure the three endpoints of the Daphnia Magna after thirty minutes which will be repeated for each set thus the whole experiment will last 90 minutes. The equipment needed for the experiment is the following:

The experiment took place in a laboratory setting, and the first step was obtaining sixty individual Daphnia magna (that were neither adults nor tiny offspring) from a large tank in the lab. These individuals were equally divided into three groups; low density, medium density, and high density. The twenty Daphnia assigned to the low density group were split into four groups of five and pipetted into one of four tubes filled with 10mL of Chlamydomonas algae. The twenty Daphnia assigned to the medium density group were split into two groups of ten and placed into one of two tubes also filled up to 10mL with Chlamydomonas. The final twenty Daphnia were all placed into a single tube filled with 10mL of the algae. In order to avoid suffocation-related

Often, toxic substances are being drained into the air, waterways, and undergrounds wells. According to the report by Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), over 60 million pounds of deadly chemicals are produced by industries in Florida. Notably, Florida’s water has been suffering mercury contamination until the state’s department of migration issues a circular regularly for regulations of eating freshwater fish in the region (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). In fact, such metals emanate from coal combustion’s emissions which run into water bodies. Not to mention, pesticides and herbicides utilized by government and homeowners pollute the environment (Florida Fish and Wildlife Conservation Commission). Indeed, all chemicals released into the atmosphere find themselves in rivers.

The Clean Water Act (CWA) founds the elementary structure for regulating releases of contaminants into the water bodies of the US and also for surface waters it regulates quality standards. The origin of the CWA was passed in 1948 and was named the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, then the Act was suggestively reorganized and prolonged in 1972. as "Clean Water Act" this became the Act 's communal name after amendments in 1972.Further down to CWA, EPA has applied other pollution control agendas such as for industry, the setting wastewater standards. We similarly have set some water quality standards for all pollutants in surface waters.

Enacted in 1972, the Clean Water Act was formulated with the goals of putting the end to the discharging of high quantities of contaminated materials into water resources, and further prevent pollution of water , and making sure that surface waters met the standards needed to support human and agricultural usage. Essentially, the Clean Water Act stipulates the fundamental structure used in the regulation of discharges of toxic pollutants into water resources of the US and ensuring conformance of quality standards for groundwater (Environmental Protection Agency). The Clean Water Act was draws based on the Federal Water Pollution Control Act of 1948, which was later developed and revised in 1972 to the Clean Water Act. Under the Clean Water Act, the Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) is authorized to implement programs to control pollution example being the establishment of standards for wastewater discharge for various industries. In addition, the CWA establishes the water quality standards applicable to all groundwater contaminants. The Clean Water Act makes it illegal to unload any contaminant material from a point source into navigable water bodies without acquiring permit from EPA. The National Pollutant Discharge Elimination System permit program, under the EPA, helps in controlling discharges (Environmental Protection

In 1972 the Clean Water Act (CWA) was passed, and it established the infrastructure for waste-water management in the U.S. The CWA’s main objective is to ‘recover and preserve the physical, biological, and chemical purity of water. The CWA formed a program that would ensure communities had clean water by limiting the exposure of contaminants in U.S. waterways. Waste-water treatment is essential to the world because it gives people ability to use streams and rivers for swimming, fishing and drinking water. In the early part of the 20th century, pollution in the U.S. urban waterways caused negative side effects like fish kills, low dissolved oxygen, bacterial contamination, and algal blooms. Early attempts of controlling water pollution kept human waste from contaminating water supplies or reduced floating junk that hindered shipping. Problems with Pollution and control were mainly local concerns. Industrial and population growth have increased the requirement for natural resources, changing the situation drastically. Advancements in decreasing pollution can hardly keep in front of the increase in population, development of technology, adjustments in industrial processes, business breakthroughs, increased land use, and several other factors. The growth in both the variety and quantity of goods manufactured has greatly altered the size and complexity of waste produced by industries and it challenges standard treatment technology. The use of pesticides and commercial

Throughout history, humans have been polluting this earth without even knowing it; so far managing to dump over five trillion pieces of trash into the oceans, which is almost three hundred thousand tons of garbage. This harmful act is creating hazardous effects on the environment, killing over fourteen million birds, and one hundred thousand sea mammals. The environment is coming back for revenge on humans by contaminating drinking water. The quality of drinking water is getting significantly worse for humans compared to what it was one hundred years ago Where the industrial revolution created new sources of water pollution, resulting in the clean water act of nineteen forty eight. This was the first law to regulate pollution, and set the stage for how people should treat the environment. Although this law has basic fundamentals needed at that point in time, it is not a strict enough policy for today's society. From oil spills to toxic waste, humans have been inconsiderate to themselves and the environment around them, ignoring the clean water act. An example of this tragic history would be the Exxon oil spill of 1989 where a large company (Exxon Valdez) accidently spilled almost eleven million gallons of oil into the Gulf of Alaska. This single example affected the lives of billions of living organisms, not to mention the effects on humans (Corporate Pollution n.pag.). Along with these chemical spills comes the chemical trichloroethylene (TCE). This chemical is a

Water is one of life’s most precious resources that we have on this earth. Water pollution is a large set of adverse effects upon bodies of water such as a lake, ocean, groundwater or river that is caused by human activities. Pollution of the earth’s water has increase since the 19th century due to the spread of industrialization around the globe. Therefore, as the earth’s population increases, people are putting pressure on the planets water resources. Pollution is not only damaging to our entire biosphere, but, its damaging to our entire population too. A case that gained media attention in 2014 was the Flint water crisis! This crisis caused concerns for panic, fear, anger as well as health problems for many of the cities residents.

are: Solids, Oxygen-demanding substances, Nitrogen and phosphorus, Pathogens, Petroleum hydrocarbons, Metals, Synthetic organics (EPAUS, 1999) .These pollutants decrease water quality in receiving waters near urban areas, and often contribute to the impairment of use and exceedances of criteria included in State water quality standards. (EPAUS, 1999)

The Clean Water Act, otherwise known as the Federal Water Pollution Control Act, was passed in 1972 and aims to maintain the integrity of the United States’ waters by regulating the discharge of pollutants and maintaining quality standards for surface waters. One important type of regulation under the Clean Water Act is of nonpoint pollution sources, sources of water pollution that do not diffuse from a single identifiable source including agricultural pesticides, animal wastes and other components of runoff or groundwater. Because nonpoint source pollution, or NPS, is diffused by a variety of widespread avenues, from rainfall to wind, it accounts for a majority of water pollution and is extremely difficult and complex to regulate. The