Leukemia Outline

Patient 1 has a negative diagnosis, as all the cells are lower than 33%. Their average nuclear to cytoplasmic ratio was 13.32%, which is the lowest overall and is below 33%. This means patient 1 is not required to have any further tests done. They will just need to come for screening tests every 3 years. Patient 1’s cells were all blue, which means only a haematoxylin stain, was used. The blue indicates nuclei.

Scenario: John is a 4 year-old boy who was admitted for chemotherapy following diagnosis of acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL).  He had a white blood cell count of 250,000.  Clinical presentation included loss of appetite, easily bruised, gum bleeding, and fatigue.  Physical examination revealed marked splenomegaly, pale skin color, temperature of 102°F, and upper abdomen tenderness along with nonspecific arthralgia.

Acute is the one that is serious because it does not allow some mature cells to be made but chronic does. The first type is Acute Lymphocytic Leukemia, this is the most common type of leukemia among children and adults can also get it. The second type is Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia and its common on adults over 55, although young adults get it as well. Acute Myelogenous Leukemia more common among adults than children and significantly affect males more than females. The last one is Chronic Myelogenous and this one the majority of the patients are

Most leukemia malignancies begin with abnormalities in the white blood cells production and function, however, it is a very diverse group of diseases that can vary significantly from case to case. Each cancer must be individually characterized by the type of leukocyte population it affects (granulocyte/myeloid cells or lymphocytic cells) as well as how quickly the cancer cells proliferate (acute or chronic) (Gylys and Wedding). Acute and chronic malignancies differ in proliferation rates and in the maturity of blood cells as acute has a sudden onset with mostly embryonic cells and chronic has a slower proliferation rate and enough mature cells to still carry out necessary functions (Gylys and Wedding). Leukemia is observed when blood cells acquire mutation in their DNA. These mutations cause the cells to not only grow and divide more rapidly than normal cells but to live longer as well (“Leukemia”). Eventually, the abnormal, unchecked cells overcrowd and outcompete the healthy, regulated cells and hijack the bone marrow (Tabe and Konopleya). Healthy hematopoiesis stem cells are overtaken and the cancer cells dominate control over the bone marrow niches and blood cell pathways (Tabe and Konopleya). Malignant blood cells cannot be regulated as well and are no longer function properly, which is seen in the decreased infection fighting abilities

Leukemia comes from a mixture of two Greek words, the words are leukos, meaning white, and haima, meaning blood. This cancer begins in the bone marrow, and through time will cause high amounts of white blood cells to become abnormal. The cancer had not been officially seen as a diagnosis until 1845. John Hughes Benett had diagnosed a patient who had abnormally high levels of white blood cells. The disease barely saw public recognition in the late 1920, before that, it had only been mentioned one time. That one time happened to be the case of an Army Major, who was a surgeon stationed in Manila. His death had been noted as a type of the malignant blood cancer, Leukemia.

Leukemia is also known as blood cancer. It begins in the bone marrow, the soft material in the center of the bone, and when it runs out of room it works its way to the blood stream. It is a cancer that affects the red and white blood cells. It produces too many red and white blood cells that end up becoming abnormal and the healthy cells don’t have enough room to produce more healthy cells. Healthy cells will end up having a hard time carrying out the functions they need to do.

pronounced. One similarity is both leukemia and lymphoma are types of malignant cancer. In addition, lymphoma is a cancer that starts in infection fighting cells of the immune system called lymphocytes, and leukemia is a form of cancer that begins in the bone marrow.(1-2) Leukemia has many symptoms that are similar to lymphoma as well. For instance, the common symptoms that can appear in people who have these diseases fever, abdominal discomfort, and fullness.(3) Also, leukemia and lymphoma are very widespread serious diseases, so there are several ways to decrease them. Moreover, there are some possible treatments to address leukemia and lymphoma such as

According to the criteria, a complete response is obtained when there is a complete disappearance of all detectable clinical and radiographic evidence of disease and disease related symptoms; all lymph nodes have returned to normal size; the spleen has regressed in size; and the bone marrow is cleared of lymphoma.

Leukemia is a type of cancer in the bone marrow. The bone marrow produces three types of blood cells that keep your body functioning. When you have Leukemia the blood cells in your bone marrow stop working. Approximately 58,000 people die of leukemia every year. There are many types of Leukemia, but thankfully there are also many types of treatments.

Leukemia can be classified as acute or chronic. The cells in acute leukemia start multiplying before they develop beyond their immature stage. Chronic leukemia progress when the cells developing their full maturity.

In the 2008 WHO Classification of myeloid neoplasms [1], the myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm (MDS/MPN) category are principally characterized by features overlapping between Myelodysplastic Syndrome (MDS) and Myeloproliferative Neoplasms (MPN) [2]. This category includes the following disease entities: chronic myelomonocytic leukemia (CMML), atypical chronic myeloid leukemia, BCR-ABL1 negative (aCML), juvenile myelomonocytic leukemia (JMML), Myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm with ring sideroblasts and thrombocytosis (MDS/MPN-RS-T) and myelodysplastic/myeloproliferative neoplasm, unclassifiable (MDS/MPN, U) (Table 1.). A provisional entity within the MDS/MPN, U group - refractory anemia

Leukemia is a group of malignant diseases of the bone marrow and lymphatic system. It is a complete and heterogeneity the subtype of leukemia has a therapeutic and prognostic implications. The French American British have further conducted studies on (ALL) acute lymphoblastic leukemia and found that (FAB) system which consists of subtypes are conducting morphology structure reactivity of leukemic cells. Chromosome analysis has shown that children with more than 45 chromosomes have a better prognosis for example, children with trisomies of chromosomes 4 and 10 have a good prognosis and low risk of treatment failure. T cells B cells and non-T/ non-B cells are three immunologic subsets that have

* Chronic Phase, this phase is made up of patients with fewer than five percent blast in their blood and bone marrow samples (The Survivors Club Staff, 2012). During this phase, the white cells can still fight infection. Patients in this phase have a very mild symptoms or not noticeable. In most cases, long term drug therapy can control this phase.

Leukemia does not show obvious symptoms early on, however it shows certain unusually symptoms which requires further diagnoses. The evaluation of the leukemia diagnostic tests takes place in laboratory to determine the treatment plan for the patient and to

has been shown to be a factor in the incidences of leukemia and sometimes it is