Leveothyroxine Lab Report

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The mole is a convenient unit for analyzing chemical reactions. Avogadro’s number is equal to the mole. The mass of a mole of any compound or element is the mass in grams that corresponds to the molecular formula, also known as the atomic mass. In this experiment, you will observe the reaction of iron nails with a solution of copper (II) chloride and determine the number of moles involved in the reaction. You will determine the number of moles of copper produced in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the number of moles of iron used up in the reaction of iron and copper (II) chloride, determine the ratio of moles of iron to moles of copper, and determine the number of atoms and formula units involved in

4. Why does potassium concentration rise in patients with acidosis? What is this called? What effects does it have?

Triple Sugar Iron Agar test, there was a gas production seen in the media. The media was yellow slant and yellow butt indicating glucose, lactose and/or sucrose fermentation with acid accumulation in slant and butt. For sulfur reduction, it was negative since it did not turn black in color indicating no sulfur was reduced.

Absorption – “How the drugs enter the circulation process through the body, and how they resist general breakdown by the stomach, liver, and the intestines”. Some of the factors that affect the absorption of drugs in the body is as follows, “acidity of the stomach, Physiochemical properties, Presence of food in the stomach or intestine, and Routes of administration”,

2. When 2.00 g of NaOH were dissolved in 49.0 g water in a calorimeter at 24.0 ˚C, the temperature of the

After passing through the esophagus, which absorbs much of the salt ions in the swallowed saltwater, and the gut the luminal fluid is isosmotic with the plasma. The intestines continue to absorb salt (sodium through chloride co-transport proteins and the chloride through the sodium co transport proteins and anion exchange protinis) which is followed by an uptake of water. More chloride is absorbed than sodium which creates an electrogradient in the cell (the cell being more positive and the plasma more negative). The anion exchanger intakes chloride all while excreting HCO3- into the intestinal lumen. The intestinal fluid is highly alkaline, high in HcO3- and high in calcium (from the environment), this allows for CaCo3 to be precipitated in the

Background: An 83 year old female is taking her levothyroxine medication to help treat her thyroid disorder induced by Hashimoto. She has been taking this medication for thirty years. While always being adherent to taking her medication, she has never really understood what Hashimoto thyroiditis actually is, or why levothyroxine is the best choice of therapy for treating her hypothyroidism caused by the disease. She is also positive for hypertension, GERD, and insomnia.

How do these electrolytes impact acid-base balance? calcium and magnesium have a synergistic relationship so one enhances the other.

Enzymes quicken chemical reactions in a cell. This experiment was performed in order to determine if adding NaCl to an enzyme would have an effect on the rate of the reaction of the enzyme. It is said that salt inhibits the reaction the reaction rate of enzymes. It can inhibit reactions making the protein unstable or by also messing with the equilibrium constant of the substrate being catalyzed. In our experiment tube 1 consisted of 2.5% NaCl and was the only tube that reacted. This was due to the salt inhibiting all the other reactions. Though it does not effect the enzyme it effects the enzymes activity.

Ion trapping is the reason that patients benefit from taking oral salicylates. When ingested, the oral salicylates react with moisture to form salicylic acid and are then broken down by enzymes. The breakdown of salicylic acid into its ionized and unionized components plays an important role in the absorbance of the drug into the body. The highly acidic condition of the gastric secretions of the stomach cause the drug, which is also acidic, to favor it’s unionized and more neutral form. This unionized form is the only form in which the drug can cross the lipid membrane into the plasma of the blood to be absorbed. The neutral environment of the plasma is ideal for the acidic drug to easily diffuse across the membrane. Once it has entered

Given the example that a patient just received an overdose of Ca +2, this will cause the heart rate to go up dramatically. If sodium ions are introduced, this will help with the influx of calcium ions by balancing everything. Certain drugs that act as calcium channel blockers are extremely useful since they reduce electrical conduction within the heart and inhibit the force of muscle cell

The way the reaction shifts is dependent on various factors which influence the equilibrium and Chatelier's principle. These factors include concentration, temperature, volume, and pressure. The Ksp equation for this reaction is Ksp= [Ca+2][C204-2]. By looking at this equation, you can tell that the reaction is very dependent on the concentration of the calcium ions and the acid. For example, if the Ksp value is too large, that means that the concentration of the products is much too high and the equation will shift to the left producing more calcium oxalate which means more kidney stones will be formed. If the Ksp value is too low, than that means that that concentration of the reactants is much too high and the right reaction will be favoured producing more calcium ions and acid. Going back to Chatelier's principle, if the amount of calcium or oxalic acid is increased from equilibrium then the the reaction will shift to the left making more of calcium oxalate. Therefore if someone were to have a diet high in oxalic acid, they would be more likely to form kidneys stones compared to someone who doesn’t eat a lot of foods with oxalic acid. A very basic and easy way to prevent kidney stones from forming is to drink plenty of water

If Hypothyroidism is not treated mental retardation occurs. Treatments should be given to hypothyroidism to prevent from anemia, low body temperature and heart failure. Hypothyroidism is treated by replacing the thyroid gland to function properly by releasing thyroid hormones. The hormonal replacement therapy is life long medication. Regular monitoring of the hormone level with physicans diagnosis is required to improve the condition. (Medscape, 2017)

The stock solution stability of leuprolide and the IS was evaluated at −20 °C for a month. The bench-top and long-term stability were evaluated to determine the stability of leuprolide in plasma samples under different conditions including bench-top stability, processed sample stability, and freeze-thaw stability. All the stability tests were performed using QC samples at two different concentrations: low (60 pg/mL) and high (8000 pg/mL). The bench-top stability was conducted using QC samples at room temperature for 12 h. The long-term stability was evaluated after the storage of the samples at −80 °C for three months. The processed sample stability was evaluated by analyzing the extracted samples in the sample injector at