1. Lewis a. De re modality refers to the quantification of possibility and necessity claims in regards to the object or individual; rather than relying on a statement for quantification claims. To put this another way, when we make possibility and necessity claims we refer to the actual object rather than the statement itself. b. The problem of Transworld identity is it is difficult to refer to objects or individuals between worlds. To put this another way, objects or individuals between worlds are not identical, there can be minute differences characteristic of an alternate world. This is an issue when we try to refer to things across worlds because if objects or individuals are not identical then we cannot refer to an object in the actual …show more content…
Lewis (2015) suggests that a counterpart-theoretic model of de re modality is necessary for us to refer to objects across worlds. A counterpart is the most similar object from one world to another alternate world. Specifically, counterparts do not consider whole worlds but objects within the world; every object has a counterpart. Lewis would respond to the example about Dennis having coffee in one world and having tea in an alternate world by stating that this claims can be expressed though his counterpart-theoretic model. Lewis would consider this to be a possibility claim rather than a necessity claim. Therefore, he would reword the statement to be: Dennis might have had tea. Lewis would go on and try to formalize this statement. That is to say, if there exists x and y, x being a world, and y being a counterpart, then Wx and Iyw and Cyd and Tea(y). What this means is that, x is a world, y is in world x, y is a counterpart of Dennis, and the counterpart, y, had tea. This is how Lewis would analyze the example under his counterpart-theoretic …show more content…
The counterpart theory has a solution to the problem of Transworld identity. The trick that Lewis uses is by stating that the objects between worlds are different. For example, the counterpart of Dennis who had tea is a different object than the Dennis in the actual world who had the coffee. With attention to the problem of Transworld identity, objects or individuals need not to be identical for us to compare objects between worlds. Notably, the determination of what a counterpart is, depends on context. What this means is that, they operate for the function we want. De re modality claims are about counterparts of objects and not identical objects between worlds. Therefore, the counterpart-theoretic model would bypass the issue of Transworld
Friendship describes the mutual pledge to help reveal the innermost workings of a person, bringing out the hidden attributes and validity of one’s characteristics. Subsequently, the bonds and struggles of friendship are a central cause for unveiling identity as the relationship one makes contributes to long-lasting change. The acceptance of a person’s differences conveys an importance for the development of strong bonds. Moreover, hardships accompanying relationships establish times to reflect on oneself and lead to positive outcomes for growth. Furthermore, the memorable journeys embed an area in one’s mind that will change the way self-perspective is seen. Through the characters of Lewis in If I Ever Get Out Of Here by Eric Gansworth and
We can now derive that consequentialism generally follows deontology because a third major premise of Nielsen’s is that this would follow if, firstly, consequentialism often agrees with deontology, and, secondly, consequentialism must sometimes yield to deontological rules. These conditions have been met, and it is now clear how
Identity is anything that can provide us with a way of answering what we are. I believe that there is a core basis of
Meriwether Lewis, an adventures, courageous, and outgoing man. He was an explorer who is most known for exploring the western part of America, after the Louisiana purchase. This report is going to be about Meriwether Lewis and the amazing things he did in his lifetime, from walking around 2,500 miles to killing a bear.
Meriwether Lewis was born on August 18, 1772 on a plantation in Almarle County, Virginia. Merriweather Lewis was born to Lucy and William Lewis. Lucy was a skilled cook and his father was a solider. His father, William Lewis died when Merriweather was 5 years old. His father was an officer in the Revolutionary War who passed away from pneumonia after crossing a freezing river. Meriwether Lewis mother remarried Captain John Marks and moved down to Broad River Valley, Georgia. The geography in Georgia was perfect for exploring the outdoors. Lewis was such an enthusat of the outdoor that he would go out at night and hunt when he was only 8 years old. When he was 14 he decided to return home and get formal education. He later left
To quote Karl Popper, “Every solution to a problem, raises another unsolved problem” (Williams, 2003, p. 2). It has been a topic debated for centuries, still, a definitive solution is yet to be found that universally satisfies the problem of mind brain identity. The most logical answer comes in the form of monism. Therefore in this paper I will argue that the mind and the brain are identical, as the mind exists only as a property of the brain. David Lewis and D.M Armstrong give support for the causal relationship between mind and brain states in the form of the identity theory, and deal with the multiple realisability argument provided by Hillary Putman. Gottlob Frege provides his support for materialism by showing that mental states are determined by the function of the brain, while discounting Thomas Nagel’s argument which proposes the idea of Qualia. Both the functionalist theory and identity theory reach agreement on the materialistic view that the mind and brain are of the same substance.
2.) Theories as lenses: our perception is shaped by the way we want to see things. Thus, we
In Millennium: Strange Relations, presented by David Maybury Lewis examines the concept of marriage by focusing on three different groups the Nyimba of Nepal, Wodaabe of Niger, finally a Canada (Western European viewpoint). Lewis also examines the concepts of monogamy, fraternal polyandry, and polygyny with the respective case studies.
Personal identity is significantly complicated to obtain. The actual reason behind this complication is that every person has a moment in life where he or she chooses to change his or her true self in order to be accepted in the surrounding society. Imagination holds a significant part in contributing to a person’s identity development. Alison Gopnik introduces her readers to counterfactuals and counterfactual thinking, in her essay ‘Possible Worlds: Why Do Children pretend?’ She writes, “Human beings don’t live in the real world. The real world is what actually happened in the past, is happening now, and will happen in the future” (Gopnik 163). With this she is trying say that we don’t live in a single world but live in multiple worlds. These
Argument: In this section I will outline the argument of The Problem of Change to curate understanding of the argument in the reader before proceeding to offer up a solution to the problem in the following section. The Problem of Change is a simple argument that relies on Leibniz’s Law or the Principle of the Indiscernibility of Identicals to emphasize the philosophical problem with even the simplest of change. Simply put by Peter Forrest in his essay in The Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, Leibniz’s Law “states that no two distinct things exactly resemble each other… and is typically understood to mean that no two objects have exactly the same properties.” For example, if an object has even one property different to that of another object,
One consequence of viewing ontology and identity as relative is that properties and universals hardly seem much more problematic. Although universals obviously do not exist on a fundamental level, I think both David Lewis and David Armstrong provide helpful suggestions on the scope of universals in practical discourse.
1. While James Lampinen, a professor of Psychology from the University of Arkansas. He defines that Deja Vu is the strong feeling about the global similiarities thet occur in the new situation. The similar experience in Deja Vu is overall, because every small detail is very similar with the experience happened in the past. But this experience always accompanied with unreal feeling.
The most important element of the argument is the fact that it is the ‘very same actions’ which allow logical forms to be used in contentful judgments that necessitate the transcendental role of the
I claim that on at least four counts, Kierkegaard and Wittgenstein present clearly analogous form: indirect
Our identity is what makes each of us unique. It is not just based on documents that designate a birth name, but instead personality, individuality, beliefs, and a slew of other factors that reach far beyond the surface. The same goes for the identity of a country, or even nations within a state. Think of the identity of Canada, it is difficult to do correct? That is because Canada