Lexical Cohesion

Vocabulary used in speech or writing organizes itself in seven parts of speech… Communication composed of these parts of speech must be organized by rules of grammar upon

In the field of Modern Languages and Linguistics, words are of great importance. A language’s phonology (study of how sounds are organized and used), morphology (study of the form and structure of words), syntax (study of the rules that govern sentence structure), semantics (study of meaning of words, sentences, and expressions), pragmatics (study of aspects of meaning and language use and context), and phonetics (study of human speech sounds) all play an important part in everyday life. These have a major impact in understanding the intent of what is spoken or heard. Due to the importance of communication, literary elements such as metaphors (which are defined as a figure of speech in which a word or phrase

How we form and describe a sentence plays a major role towards determine the meaning of the sentence. This results in making each sentence very important to structure correctly so as to harness the most powerful meaning from the words used on the sentence (Iny 2006). To understand how word structure affects a sentence, we shall examine 5 sentences from a paper “the Purpose of Government written by Anon. A. Moss.

He also identified the lexical level of language analysis the aim of which was to study the meaning of words either in isolation or in syntactic constructions. This marks his own contribution to semantics.

In most literature, syntax takes a standard form that most can recognize. Despite this standard form, the author still has a great deal of leeway in developing sentences to create moods and convey thoughts. The author may choose longer sentences or shorter sentences. He or she may use larger words that flow or shorter words that help break up the passage. The possibilities are virtually endless.

Using consistent characters allows the reader to flow from one character to the next in an enjoyable manner. You want to show what the character does or how they are described without adding anything confusing in between. This also allows an easy transition from one idea to the next. This chapter also talks about how writers who are beginners tend to use big words to show what they have learned; however, experienced writers don’t do that. Experienced writers use humble pronouns and pointers that generate a more powerful effect by building stronger but shorter paragraphs. Using conjunctions and other linking words is another way to enhance the flow of a sentence. Conjunctions are used to show the relationship between words or phrases and allows the writer to join sentences that are more precise and easy to

One of the most important things about words may not be the actual content of what is being written, but rather the structure of what is being written. More specifically, the mechanics of our sentences often sway readers towards unexpected directions.

This book is divided into 2 parts, the functions of language and language and thought. The deepest debt of the author in this book is to the general semantics. It is designed to educate the reader using concepts that are first explained in straightforward terms

Cohesion allows multiple references to people, things, and events without reintroducing them throughout the text. A coherent passage focuses the reader’s attention on the main ideas and the particular people, things, and events.

There are two fundamental principles in syntax. One refers to the fact that there are certain relationships between the words of a Noun Phrase, where one word, the head, controls the other words, the dependants. The head may have one or more dependants or may have no dependants at all. The second idea is related to phrases, groups of interrelated words that generally bring together heads and their

Text structure is how a text is organized. Text structure is grouped into five main categories. In, “Another reason to flip the off switch: light pollution” by, Catherine Hours, and in, “N.C. drinking water tainted with chemical byproducts for decades” by, C.B.S news, the author used many text structures.

Ariel (2009) views discourse and grammar as complementing one another. As leaders, Obama and Harper are trying to connect to their countries citizens in different ways through the messages they produce. The discourse grammar they use will also be different. They are speaking to groups of people who want different goals and results, so their grammar represents these needs. Lawrence (2012) says that correct grammar is important especially when it comes to political speeches. In the data, one thing that is noticed is Obama uses more anatomy words that mean the opposite and synonyms words that mean the same in his speech compared to Stephen Harper. This is viewed in an article says a way to organize ideas and thoughts in the text is through lexical cohesion (Beigman, Diermeier, and Klebanov 2008). The possible reason that Obama uses this type of lexical cohesion is to portray his ideas properly. Potentially showing how the way they emphasize a message is by using two different forms of lexical cohesion. Conjunctions are used numerous times in the raw data, to connect their phrase together to express relationships between them. Obama and Harper used the addition relation when conjoining phrases, but Obama seems to use more causal relations in his speech. Charteris-Black (2014) says the use of conjunctions is to

Participants were given background information on lexical decision tasks and the mental lexicon then given instructions on how to complete the tasks. The study involved 96 trials. Each participant was given the same instructions. The participant was first shown a black rectangle, which served as the visual field for decision making. Then each participant was shown a white cross in the middle of the black rectangle, which served as a fixation point for one second then disappeared. Following the fixation point, either a valid English word or a non-word would

Key features of language include its words and their sub structures such as morphemes, graphemes and syllables at the writing level as well as reading or speaking, words, their meanings and contexts in which the words get spoken or read. Language has to be interpreted as a whole, and not just as the specific word. There must be an explicit pattern or structure. In order for language to be understood correctly, the meaning of words must be arranged in a given context. This is what constructs language; even though words are arbitrary themselves, in order to integrate as a language, they must be used in the appropriate context. This pre-established cultural context is what will enable effective communication. (Daniel Willingham, 2007, p. 1).

Specialists in descriptive grammar (linguists) examine the principles and patterns that underlie the use of words, phrases, clauses, and sentences. In contrast, prescriptive