Lexitoxin: A Deadly Biological Weapon

2. Describe the three different types of bonds, providing examples of molecules formed through each type of bond. (3 points) Covalent bond, methane. Ionic bond, table salt. Hydrogen bond, water.

Steps to Discerning Whether White Powder is Anthrax Mysterious white powder carrying the anthrax/ricin bacillus could result in "inhalation anthrax," which is nearly always fatal without treatment (Grabenstein, 2003, p. 714). Due to the use of ricin in the past and the real threat of its use in the future, the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services commissioned a report outlining an effective response to both "overt" (e.g., white powder in an

molecule. https://www.riolearn.org/content/bio/BIO156/BIO156_INTER_0000_v9/labs/lab02.shtml?print 3/21 4/15/2015 BIO156 ­ Lab 2 2. Using the atom and bond library below, construct the following molecule. It may be

A) They feature carbon atoms which are covalently bonded to hydrogen (Open Learning Initiative, 2015, pg.63).

Lesson 03.05: Ionic Bonding and Writing Formulas Determine an element’s ionic charge based on its location on the periodic table. Group 1- 1+ Group 2- 2+ Group 3- 3+ Group 4- 4+ Group 5- 3- Group 6- 2- Group 7- 1- Group 8- non-reactive noble gases Write the correct ionic formula when given two elements that bond ionically. Use question above and periodic table Lesson 03.06: Covalent Bonding and Lewis Structures Determine how many covalent bonds an atom needs in order to fill its valence shell, using the periodic table.

Each chemical compounds has a certain percentage of ionic character in its bonds and the remaining percentage as covalent bonds. The only compounds that are accepted as being 100 percent covalent are the chemical combinations that happen between two similar atoms.However if atoms are different in the compound it will present a certain percentage of ionicity in its

In chemistry, there are two main types of chemical bonding. One being covalent An ionic bond is defined as a type of chemical bond formed between two ions with opposite charges (PBS & WGBH). An ionic compound is made of a positive and negative ion. The positive ion will have to be formed from an atom that has the tendency to lose electrons. The negative ion will have to be formed from an atom that has the tendency to gain electrons (PBS & WGBH). Another thing ionic bonds can be called is an electrovalent bond (Britannica). It can also be defined as a type of linkage formed from the electrostatic attraction between oppositely charged ions in a chemical compound (Britannica). Another thing is positive ions can be called a cation and negative ions can be called an anion

The “Philadelphia Poison Ring” in 1938 was caused by two people, cousins that were career criminals from Philadelphia. The leader was Herman Petrillo, but his cousin Paul Petrillo was also highly involved. Paul was known for insurance scams his entire life, and another cousin named Morris Bobler also joined and

Molecule- a group of atoms bonded together, representing the smallest fundamental unit of a chemical compound that can take part in a chemical

What is the frequency of Botulinum Toxin? The incidence of the disease is low, but the mortality rate is high if not treated immediately and properly. (U.S. Food and Drug Administration, 2015) The United States has averaged one hundred forty five reported cases of Botulism a year. Fifteen percent of those being foodborne, sixty-five percent being infant Botulism, and twenty percent being wound Botulism. (CDC, 2015) The frequency of the disease is low, but the mortality rate is high if not treated immediately and properly. Some cases of botulism may be undiagnosed or misdiagnosed because the symptoms are transient or mild, and mimic Guillain-Barre syndrome.

Do you ever wonder what happens during a chemical reaction? Well, scientist have figured it out. During a chemical reaction atoms rearrange and bonds in different ways. Document three talks about how atoms rearrange to forms new substances in a chemical reaction. The example they used was table salt. Table

Leyu Luo Eng103 9am S Matson 26 Jan 2015 Antibiotic Abuse: Life Saver Raises Deadly Superbugs.     These are many killers that damage generations, but there is one tiny thing that has caused countless deaths and injuries throughout history -- Superbugs. It caused 700,000 deaths every year, and it was estimated to kill 10 million lives each year by 2050, which would cost over 100 trillion dollars per year and a worldwide economic output reduction of 2% to 3.5%, etc.(Walsh,para2) Surprisingly, superbugs are caused by nothing else but overusing “life-saver”: antibiotics. Thus, we must significantly limit the use of antibiotics in medicine and agriculture in order to stop the creation of deadly, drug-resistant “Superbugs.”

Anthrax is not your common disease. It does not cause a simple cough or a small upset stomach. It doesn’t pass in the air from human to human. It is a tedious almost undetectable disease that has plagued the lives of many. Anthrax has been a major factor in human history, although the disease doesn’t always hit the race first. Anthrax is mainly caused by herbivore’s that graze in infected land. The plagues that were written in Exodus may have been anthrax in domesticated animals followed by the disease spreading to humans. The disease that was described in Virgil’s Georgics was more than likely anthrax in domesticated and wild animals. During the 16th to the 18th centuries in Europe, anthrax was an extremely economically important disease that affected agriculture. So in short anthrax has been around for quite some time, but even today it imposes a threat to the human race because of it’s ability to be one of the most dangerous bioterrorist weapons used.

It seems to me that the most realistic threat to our nation is that of a Biological Weapon [BW].

poison called Bacillus Thuringitesis (BT) toxin in every cell and every bite of it. Although the biotech seed companies like Monsanto claim that their genetically modified organisms (GM) are harmless, that 's not what the independent scientists are finding” in their researches (Smith, 2015, n.p).