Library System Thesis

“During the object-oriented analysis (OOA) phase object-modeling techniques are used to analyze the functional requirements for a system and create models which reflect the logical design of the system. During the object-oriented design (OOD) phase of the system, models are elaborated upon to include implementation specific details that show how the physical design of the system will come together. OOA focuses on what the system does (its static structure and behavior), OOD on how the system does it (its run-time implementation).”

Object: Object oriented is a software program that describes the data structure, data type but also the types of operations or functions that can be applied to the data structure. Like that data structure becomes an object, which includes data and functions. Object specifies the behavior that states each class. This program can create the relationship between one object and another, such as; object can inherit characteristic from another object. Object can be written and maintained independently

Logical and physical models represent the key elements and processes of the software development. The logical model describes the processes, and data, in as much detail as possible, without giving regard to how the system will be implemented. Logical data models include

Now, we will look into what Object Oriented Programming is. Before that we must first understand what an object is, because that is what the entire programming method is based on. An object is something which has a defined state and characteristics of its own. This concept was taken from the real world scenario, where each object we see has those two states. An example would be a cup, it has a height, it has a purpose and it has a specific volume which it can hold. The shape of the cup can also be taken into consideration. In software programming, the object is worked upon by use of methods. The methods are what help two or multiple objects communicate with each other (“Object Oriented Programming”). Thus we can now say, Object oriented programming works on “objects” instead of working directly on the actions as in case of Procedural programming. Although, indirectly we are working on their actions because that is what makes the entire program work. Objects once defined can be used infinite times in a program and we do not have to define them. Thus, object oriented programming focusses more on getting the logic of the program right instead of spending several lines of code trying to get the data definitions right. The most commonly used Object oriented programming languages are Java, C#, PHP and Visual basic designed for .NET framework. An example of PHP object oriented programming would help us understand the actual programming

In Object-orientated approach methodology, a system is viewed as an object (Govardhan & Munassa: 71). This approach intergrades data and processes into objects. It emphasizes the construction and testing of object models. This technique uses UML diagrams such as Communication Diagrams, which show the relationship between objects, Development Diagrams which show how a complete system will be deployed on one or more machines, the Class Diagram and Sequence Diagram.

Programming languages are vast and diverse in their numbers. These different languages use fundamental styles of programming called programming paradigms. These programming paradigms layout the particular design approach that a program will use to solve a problem or achieve an objective. Of the many different types of programming paradigms, some of the more distinguished ones are procedural, functional, logical, and object orientated programming. Recently the object orientated languages have been rising in popularity due to their ability to easily implement large programs. There are many different object orientated programming languages (OOPLs), among them are C#, Java, Ruby, and Python. This essay will compare and contrast two of these languages: Python and Java.

(Aggarwal and Singh, 2005) described software as being more than a program as it constitute of not only a program code but also the operating procedures and the related documentation. Thus, we can explain the meaning of a software using the following equation:

Object–Oriented Analysis and Design (OOAD) approach is important for successful planning and execution of web applications which can function efficiently over long period of time. OOAD approach

➢ Type: in an object-oriented system, summarizes the common features of a set of objects with the same characteristics. In programming languages types can be used at compilation time to check the correctness of programs.

Object-oriented programming is a programming paradigm based on the concept of objects rather than algorithms, this may contain data in the form of fields. it aims to incorporate the advantages of modularity and

OOP, an abbreviation for object-oriented programming is simply code that “attempts to place a new layer of abstraction between the programmer and the data he is working with … this layer will help the programmer develop better code more quickly than he could do before.” (McHale). OOP languages must include four

This OOD model is based on objects and data rather than actions and logic unlike the historical logical procedure of programming which simply involved inputting data, processing it and producing output.

In this programming language we have to understand the meaning of various terms such as objects, class, data abstraction and encapsulation, inheritance (one of the most powerful concept), polymorphism, data binding, and message passing etc.

Object-Oriented Programming enables programmers to program by modeling the real world instead of defining the logic of how the world works. It focuses more on what makes up an object rather than what the object does. Programmers can focus on creating small components or objects, and group them together based on their relationships to build a larger object, which can be built upon again in future. The process of developing the paradigm consists the following steps: Encapsulation, Inheritance, Data Abstraction, and Polymorphism.

First of all, let me begin with Object oriented programming. Object oriented programming is a type of a computer programming language in which begin with the basic concept of an object. Where to object is characterized by its states and behavior. The state is basically information about object known about itself and behavior is an action that object can do or react. For example, if you meet a new person the state is a name, address, height, weight, and so on and its behavior of a person can be speaking, read, write, run, walk, swim, jump, and so on. Objects are