Libya: A Deep and Rich History Essay example

Historically, Libya has always been a part of another empire. The Greeks were the first to conquer the trading posts of Libya, followed by the Romans, than the Islamic Empire under the Umayyad caliphate. In the mid-16th century the area we know today as Libya was taken by the Ottoman Empire who held it until 1911. The Italian interest in Libya begins in 1878, following the Congress of Berlin. The Congress of Berlin was

The United States had a long history of disagreements with rulers in Libya, Before the land was even incorporated as a contiguous nation, the city of Tripoli sent pirates into the Mediterranean Sea to

The class of people who most benefitted most from this were the merchants. During this time merchants had few opportunities to expand their business due to Italy being tightly packed. They could not franchise and build new businesses so they pursued art. What they got out of that was paying people to create. This led to a wealthy merchant class in each Italian city-state. Their wealth soon lead to them dominating politics.

Interesting topic! When reading your post, a question came to mind, does the Libyan crisis lie in government, struggle of power or the distrust toward Libya’s public financial system? Your research seems very broad, how might the topic be narrow down, so you concentrate on the most important aspect of your questions? Additionally, which questions are you concentrating on the

The Libyan Revolution of 2011 initiated with nonviolent political protests modeled after the events in Tunisia and Egypt, and quickly escalated to a full fledge civil war. Muammar Muhammad Abu Minyar Gaddafi obtained the role of the official ruler of Libya in 1969 by a bloodless coup d’etat against King Idris. Gaddafi remained the official ruler of Libya from 1969 until 1977. (Calvocoressi, 2001) Subsequent to 1977, he referred to himself as a symbolic figurehead until the revolt in 2011, which contributed to his death. Gaddafi was the longest-serving Arab leader and commonly referred to himself as the King of Kings. Gaddafi’s reign over civilians was mostly based on fear. The Libyan conflict differed from the conflicts in Tunisia and

million men in the Italian army based in Libya (Jorge 1). In neighboring Egypt, the British

Unlike what is emphasized by Obama in Extract 1, vast social reforms, immense welfare program, infrastructure-building were underway in Libya. As have been mentioned previously, Libya was one of the Africa’s most prosperous country due to the reforms that were done under Gaddafi’s regime. And as a result, by the time the 2011 crisis was unfolding, few people, mainly in the western world, were inclined to have any sympathy for Gaddafi or take any of his claims seriously, and the attempt of showing Gaddafi in a bad light quickly spread through the western mainstream media and Gaddafi had become hated in the western world. But the trigging factor is that, contrary to popular belief which had been transmitted by so many people, like Barack Obama, Libya under Muammar Gaddafi, whom was often portrayed as “tyrant” and “dictator” was in fact, Africa’s most prosperous democracy-according to the United Nations Development Index, prior to the U.S.-led intervention in 2011; according to the same index(see fig6), Libya had the highest GDP per capta, the lowest infant mortality and the highest life expectancy in all of Africa(see

Settling a Territory. Libyan Bedouin are considered to be true Arabs, in that they descend from Arabic invaders circa 1050-51 C.E. The invaders, consisting of two Arab tribes, the Beni Sulaym and the Beni Hilal, pushed into Libya during the Hilalian migration at this time. The tribes previously had settled in Upper Egypt after a failed attempt to push into Saudi Arabia. However, their culture, language, and religion, consistent with traditional Bedouin pastoralism, were not compatible with the existing Egyptian customs and so Egypt’s leadership encouraged the tribes into Cyrenaica, Tripolitania, and Tunis (Figure 2) in an attempt to use the tribes to dominate the indigenous, and rebellious, Berbers. By 1800, the descendent Arab tribes had carved, through a series of brutal wars, territories

Italy felt the need to invade Ethiopia because Mussolini felt the need to restore their country to the glory of the past days. Italy saw invading Ethiopia as a way to restore this glory because they could avenge their loss in their war with Ethiopia in 1895.

Libya has been inhabited by Berbers since the late Bronze Age. The Phoenicians established trading posts in western Libya, and Ancient Greek colonists established city-states in eastern Libya. Libya was variously ruled by Persians, Egyptians and Greeks before becoming a part of the Roman Empire. Libya was an early center of Christianity. After the fall of the Western Roman Empire, the area of Libya was mostly occupied by the Vandals until the 7th century, when invasions brought Islam and Arab colonization. In the sixteenth century, the Spanish Empire and the Knights of St John occupied Tripoli, until Ottoman rule began in 1551. Libya was involved in the Barbary Wars of the 18th and 19th centuries. Ottoman rule continued until the Italian occupation

In 1915, Italy proclaims war on Austria-Hungary, entering World War I as a member of the Allies: Britain, France and Russia. At the point when World War I broke out in the mid year of 1914, Italy pronounced itself impartial in the contention, despite its enrollment in the supposed Triple Alliance with Germany and Austria-Hungary since 1882. Throughout the span of the months that took after, Italy and its pioneers measured their choices; charmed by both sides, they deliberately considered how to pick up the best profit by cooperation in the war. The choice to join the quarrel as an afterthought of the Allies was constructed to a great extent in light of the certifications Italy got in the Treaty of London, marked in April 1915. By its terms, Italy would get the satisfaction of its national dream: control over domain on its fringe with Austria-Hungary extending from Trentino through the South Tyrol to Trieste. Likewise, the Allies guaranteed the Italians parts of Dalmatia and various islands along Austria-Hungary's Adriatic coast; the Albanian port

In this way, Gaddafi ruled the disposal of wealth and all economic chances to prohibit the growth of any rival political force. Nothing stayed for those looking for wealth and influence except allegiance to the leader and submitting to his power. The structure was waiting for what Ibn Khaldun called the “Muṭālib” (Enemy), which was achieved in the protest of 17 February that was initiated from the city of Benghazi. Benghazi was controlled by the big and strong Al-Awagir tribe, which was politically marginalised after being seperated from the ruling Asabiyya.(Tarek

Many revolts for change happening in the empire weakened the Ottoman's government caused now Bulgaria and Albania to revolt and fight for their independence which they succeeded. Losing land, tax paying citizens causes the Ottoman's to get even weaker until 1914 .In early November 1914, the Ottoman's entered World War I on the side of the Central Powers (Germany, Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria). This changed the strategic situation, Ottoman forces now were a direct threat to the Suez Canal which was an important British shipping lane between Europe and Asia. Mustafa Kemal provided input to his leader, General Esat Pasha, concerning the predicted Allied landing sites. Pasha dismissed Kemal’s contributions in the final intelligence report, even though Kemal’s superior understanding of the enemy and terrain were justified with the Allies landing at the predicted locations. In contrast to General Pasha, Mustafa Kemal valued all input from his staff, subordinate commanders, and Soldiers to achieve a holistic approach to understanding the situational environment. Before the war ended, nearly every top Turkish military official had personally interacted with Mustafa Kemal in Gallipoli. By

Firstly, the Battle for the Grain was aimed to create self sufficiency in grain so that when war came Italy would not be dependent on foreign imports of cereals and bread. This was achieved by encouraging farmers to grow grain by providing government granted modern

First, the empire needed to reassert its authority, and crush rebellions within its lands. At this time, the Ottoman Empire was embroiled in the Russo-Turkish war. In 1878, The Ottoman Empire suffered its final defeat. Following the war, a nationalist group called the Albanian League arose in response to the proposed San Stefano Treaty. According to Sudetic,” The League’s initial goals were to stop the proposed San Stefano treaty and to gain autonomy for all Albanians within the Ottoman Empire” (April 1992). However, unifying Albania was not going to be a simple matter. The years of constant occupation by other people did not allow Albanians to develop a sense of