Life Cycle Cost Analysis (LCCA) Introduction Life cycle cost analysis (LCCA) is defined as a

A capital expenditure is an amount spent to acquire or improve a long-term asset such as equipment or buildings. Usually the cost is recorded in an account classified as Property, Plant and Equipment. The cost (except for the cost of land) will then be charged to depreciation expense over the useful life of the asset.

Life cycle costing is a technique that is used to assess environmental impacts that are linked with the product life stages from manufacturing to consumption that is from raw material acquisition to processing or manufacture, distribution, consumption, maintenance and repair (Epstein & Buhovac, 2014). It shows and some of the environmental concerns associated with the product life (Koroluk, 2012).

This shows that if planning is not stable or management planning - urban good also affect the sustainability of the project.

The concept of eco-efficiency includes environmental impacts and costs as a factor in calculating business efficiency. The WBCSD considers the term eco-efficiency to describe the delivery of competitively priced goods and services that satisfy human needs and enhance the quality of life while progressively reducing ecological impacts and resource intensity throughout the products’ life cycles to a level commensurate with the earth’s estimated carrying capacity.

Today’s Designers, Architects and Constructors have a duty of care to strive to produce energy efficient and energy saving buildings. Where possible the sustainability of resources / materials and techniques must be a primary concern in the decision making process.

A measure of efficiency can be produced by analysing the total surplus for a given market; this is seen by subtracting the total cost from gross consumption benefits. The higher the level of total surplus the more efficient production

Life Cycle Costing (LCC) is an important economic analysis used in the selection of alternatives that impact both pending and future

Due to the importance of reducing energy consumption from limited energy sources and minimizing environmental impacts, a number of energy-efficiency measures have emerged for Canadian residential buildings in recent years. Provincial and national building energy codes have been

Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is becoming an increasingly important methodology for assessing building materials. It is particularly useful for understanding the production-related impacts of materials, as well as the potential trade-offs between life cycle stages. This analysis of a brick bearing wall is both quantitative (tracking a series of economic, environmental, and ethical metrics across all life cycle stages) and qualitative (describing each life cycle stage and its impacts). In order to make this LCA as specific as

Inventory analysis is the data collection portion of a LCA and includes a quantified list of all inputs and outputs involving the entire life cycle of the concerned system. LCI involves estimating the energy and materials consumed by the system, the energy efficiency of the system’s components, and the emissions to air, land, and water by variant processes and components of the system. The process of data collection is the most time-consuming and resource-intensive step of the LCA. The reuse of data from other studies can simplify the work; however, assuring the data are representative is essential. LCI can be utilized to discover improvement opportunities and determine life cycle stages that present the most and least detrimental impacts [4].

“Energy efficiency means using less energy to provide the same service.” An example of this is where a LED lightbulb uses less electrical energy than a traditional incandescent lightbulb to produce the same amount of light. The phrase 'energy efficiency' can also be described as any kind of energy-saving measure. (1)

Life Cycle Cost (LCC) is the total lifespan cost incurred by an organization in purchasing, installing, operating, maintaining, and disposing off any equipment used in daily operations of the firm. In regard to this, estimation of LCC encompasses using a particular approach in identifying and quantifying components of an LCC equation (Pehnt, 2006). The use of LCC as an assessment tool when selecting possible design alternatives results in the provision of a cost-effective solution within limits of available data. In addition, a standard LCC comprises initial and operation costs, installation and commissioning costs, energy costs as well as disposal costs among others.

This aspect is where phisycal aspect needs to be renovated because it is accordance to the public interest and can effect the consumers satisfaction. By renovating or rebuilding an old and broken building, it can attract more consumer and cleaner condition can improve qualities of product in undirect way. This plan should has

For purposes of the asset provider financial discussion relative to investment, there is a cost and benefit analysis that always takes place. These elements are generally described as, for cost elements, facility capital costs (dictated by site location and design, as well as the partners involved in the planning process), facility maintenance costs (ongoing costs of maintaining a facility to ensure safe operations and upkeep), and operating costs (such as labor costs, fuel costs, equipment costs, and the time lost to congestion or to the breakdown of efficient supply chains).

By taking the position as Raj Bhatt, Business Development manager of GE Canada, I am comfortable and confident that energy efficiency is an attractive industry and business opportunity. What makes Raj Bhatt believe that the Energy Efficiency projects will be successful in Canada is that the project helps not only the ESCo, which conducts the performance-based contracting, but also the customers, who are more aware of the benefits of Energy Efficiency project. The Energy Efficiency project will optimize the energy usage, including conservation, use of efficient equipment and off peak usage. Even though the project has required intensive initial capital investment and long payback period, it will