In Ernest J. Gaines’ novel, “A Lesson Before Dying,” there are several characters that learn valuable life lessons. This story tells the tale of a black man named Grant, and his efforts to convince Jefferson, a fellow black man who believes he is a hog, that he is a man. However, it is not just Jefferson that learns valuable life lessons in this novel. In his novel, “A Lesson Before Dying,” Ernest J. Gaines is showing that the most important lesson to take away from life is to never give up. The first character that exemplifies this is Jefferson, someone who truly redefines his life by gaining emotional strength and appreciation for others. Additionally, Grant shows this as well, as he goes from a man who wants to run away to someone who appreciates …show more content…
After his defense attorney mentions that he “would just as soon put a hog in the electric chair then [Jefferson]” (Gaines 8), he gives up on his life, his pride, his dignity, and his family. During his first few visits from Grant, he lets this comparison define him, he refers to himself as and acts like a hog, even kneeling “down on the floor [with] his head inside [a] bag [to eat], without using his hands” (Gaines 83). However, during a one on one talk, Grant has a very emotional monologue about why Jefferson needs to be a man. He tells Jefferson of the hope it would bring blacks, that it would crush the white myth that blacks are inferior to whites. This breaks through to Jefferson, he realizes that he is still a man, and gains confidence in himself. He realizes the impact it will have if he confronts that electric chair like he will be the one to execute it. This is further proven when he goes to the electric chair to be executed, as it is clear he “was the strongest man in that crowded room” (Gaines 253) during the execution. Jefferson’s tale is a phenomenal example of what can be accomplished when you don’t give up. Through determination, he is able to inspire the blacks of Louisiana, and prove wrong the people that thought he was a fool, useless, and an animal. With a tale like Jefferson’s to back it up, it becomes perfectly clear how important it is to never give …show more content…
He simply lacks all faith that the awful situation the blacks are in will ever change. When he sees his students, black children, outside enjoying physical labor, he wonders if he is “reaching them at all” (Gaines 62). Additionally, during the annual Christmas play, he muses to himself that it is the exact same every year, down to the audience members, and the songs, and the decorations. He’s haunted by his past where he was treated unfairly, and wants to give up and run away from the south. He even wants to give up on convincing Jefferson he is a man, but only continues due to the wishes of Miss Emma and Tante Lou. He even realizes that outside of his girlfriend, Vivian, there is “nothing [else he] care[s] for. Not school, not home, not [his] aunt, not the quarter, not anything else in the world. However, when he pours his heart out to Jefferson, encouraging him to prove the whites that they were wrong about him, this sets up the action that ends his troubles. Once Jefferson is executed, he realizes that it’s over, with Jefferson’s courageous actions, he has shown the whites the strength of blacks. Now that he has faith, this will allow him to build a stronger relationship with his family, Vivian, his students, and even Paul. This all happens because he did not give up on Jefferson, he kept pounding on that wall between them and he finally broke through. And what a
In A Lesson Before Dying by author Ernest J Gaines, Grant is the protagonist who is trying to do the right thing for his people. Grant is in a very turbulent situation, having to make Jefferson into a “man” by the time he is executed. This is the central plot of the story, but not the main themes and ideas of it. Grant is struggling to help Jefferson because he sees generations of injustice through him. “’We got our first load of wood last week,’ [Grant] told him. ‘Nothing changes,’ he said.” (Gaines, 53). The response Grant’s teacher gives him has a deeper meaning: he as Grants’ teacher failed to change the injustice and racism and Grant is in the same situation. “Nothing changes”, but Grant does not give up for the sake of Jefferson, his people, and most importantly, himself. At one point, Grant actually reveals that “it is too heavy a burden because of all the others who have run away and left their burdens behind. So, he,
"They sentence you to death because you were at the wrong place at the wrong time, with no proof that you had anything at all to do with the crime other than being there when it happened. Yet six months later they come and unlock your cage and tell you, We, us, white folks all, have decided it’s time for you to die, because this is the convenient date and time" (158). Ernest J. Gaines shows the internal conflicts going through the mind of Mr. Wiggins in his novel A Lesson Before Dying (1933). Mr. Wiggins is struggling through life and can’t find his way until he is called upon against his own will to help an innocent man, Jefferson. The help is not that of freeing him at all.
Grant and Jefferson are on a journey. Though they have vastly different educational backgrounds, their commonality of being black men who have lost hope brings them together in the search for the meaning of their lives. In the 1940’s small Cajun town of Bayonne, Louisiana, blacks may have legally been emancipated, but they were still enslaved by the antebellum myth of the place of black people in society. Customs established during the years of slavery negated the laws meant to give black people equal rights and the chains of tradition prevailed leaving both Grant and Jefferson trapped in mental slavery in their communities.
The Jim Crow Era was peak time for segregation causing Jefferson’s journey in the novel, A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest Gaines to open up the eyes of many, no matter what one’s skin color is, by showing what it means to die as a hero even when seen as the villain. Grant is to make Jefferson a man before he dies by showing him the truths about religion, race, and the United States justice system. Jefferson also teaches Grant a few things about life, creating a unique bond between the two.
One of the many challenges associated with writing is that of writing style. It can help highlight the work when used effectively, or the opposite, if used ineffectively. Some have an intuitive grasp on matter while others struggle. In his book “A Lesson Before Dying”, author Ernest J. Gaines effectively conveys his story through his stylistic choices. He does this through Jefferson’s diary in chapter 29, Grant’s observations and thoughts throughout the story, and the “third-person" perspective of chapter 30. These things elevate the immersion of the story and gives further insight into what Gaines is trying to convey.
Grant is constantly having an eternal battle within himself on whether or not he is willing to take action against the white despotism. When Jefferson 's case is first brought up to Grant by Miss Emma and his aunt, he responds by saying, “Yes, I’m the teacher...And I teach what the white folks around here tell me to teach—reading, writing, and ’rithmetic. They never told me how to keep a black boy out of a liquor store" (Gaines ch 2). His whole education has revolved around the white system and what they want him to know and do. He feels that because he has been taught by the white-American
In Ernest J. Gaines novel A Lesson Before Dying, a young African-American, Jefferson, is caught in the middle of a liquor shootout, and as the only survivor is convicted of murder and sentenced to death. During Jefferson’s trial, his attorney calls him a hog in an effort to persuade the jury that he could not have possibly planned a crime like this. Having heard this, Jefferson’s godmother, Miss Emma, calls on the local school teacher, Grant Wiggins, to visit Jefferson in prison and help prove to the community, more importantly the white people, that Jefferson is indeed a man, not a hog. Throughout the book, Grant often contemplates why he is helping Miss Emma; he debates within himself whether he should stay and help Miss Emma and
The fact that Grant considers himself to be better than all of the black residents of Bayonne is one of the many things that holds Grant back from being an effective coach to assist Jefferson in his quest to become a man. Another contributing factor to his ineffective teaching is his lack of self confidence. If Jefferson does not see a worthy example of how to be a man, then he will never effectively become one himself. After a few visits to see Jefferson in his cell, persevering through his own belief that he is not making a difference, being told that he was wasting his time, he realized that he was doing much more than performing a favor for Miss Emma and Tante Lou. He realized that he wasn’t only trying to turn Jefferson into a man. This was Miss Emma and Tante Lou’s way of teaching himself a lesson on how to live his life and who he really is. “I need you,” I told him. “I need you much more than you could ever need me” (Gaines, 193). This quote represents the
For the majority of the novel, Grant denies that he can help Jefferson in any way at all. When his aunt and Miss Emma request that Grant go talk to Jefferson to teach him that he is a man, Grant explains, "It is only a matter of weeks, maybe a couple of months – but he's already dead…All I can do is try to keep the others from ending up like this…There's nothing I can do anymore, nothing any of us can do anymore" (14). Before receiving extreme pressure from his aunt to comply, Grant goes so far as to refuse to even attempt to help Jefferson. With this attitude that "There's nothing [he] can do anymore," Grant can, in fact, do nothing. Even though Grant correctly recognizes the fact that Jefferson will die in a short while, he fails to acknowledge the possibility of working through the injustices to make a difference. Grant, himself, feels stuck in his environment – he is "just running in place" there – yet he feels a sort of responsibility for his people and an attraction to the town, and cannot bring himself to leave (15). In order to "try to keep the others from ending up like" Jefferson, Grant wants to help his students, but he fails to respect them (14). If Grant has a bad day, he takes out his anger on his students, slapping them on the back of the head for playing with an insect, or sending them to the corner for an hour
When Grant goes to the Rainbow Club for money to buy a radio for Jefferson, he portrays a rush of excitement and anticipation of his breakthrough in his relationship with Jefferson while exposing his desire to help Jefferson in the “now”, in contrast to Reverend’s “after life” argument, because to the Reverend, the radio is an embodiment of sin. Nevertheless, to Jefferson the radio is his sure contact with the world outside his cell, and to Grant the radio is a turning point in their lives symbolizing Grant’s own hope for Jefferson as a man. Furthermore, after the radio, Grant gives Jefferson a notebook, symbolizing the growth of their relationship, as well as, a connection of counseling and communication. During the walk with Jefferson, who was tied down with chains in the dayroom with Ms Emma, the Reverend, and Aunt Lou, Grant’s touching speech reflected upon Jefferson’s life, his life, and the history of the oppressed African Americans, which, profoundly, imposes a juxtaposition to Grant’s prior efforts and Jefferson’s early behavior in conjunction with characteristics of heroism in Grant and in Jefferson as he
Becoming a highly analyzed novel, many critics speak about their feelings. Carl Senna, one a literary critic, discusses the reasons for lack of communication in A Lesson before Dying. A large part of their communication problem comes directly from their class differences. Although Grant is not considered rich, he is well educated and lives rather comfortably, whereas Jefferson is nearly illiterate and has been a struggling farmhand most of his life. This gap that separates them makes it very difficult for them to speak. Neither one of them is at fault for this, but it frustrates Jefferson to the point where he often wants to leave the jail cell and not return. Also Grant speaks with Jefferson "reluctantly, prompted by his aunt, a moralizing scold and a nag"(Senna 5). Another good point Senna makes is that because of the time period, blacks were struggling to become equals and were more engrossed with their own wants and needs than worrying about Jefferson. Yes, they all realized that he is innocent but they are not at a time where they can fight for the innocence of this young boy. Therefore Grant "becomes their instrument in trying to save him[Jefferson] from disgrace"(Senna 5). Jefferson was not seen as much to these
In addition,Grants attitude begins to change after a few visit at the the cell with jefferson. Jefferson opened up to Grant about how he never had owned a radio or ate a bowl of ice cream in his life. Grant stated “I saw a slight smile come to his face, and it was not a bitter smile. Not bitter at all”. This action was a turning point for Grant. Jefferson’s thoughts revived Grants emotions and helped him see the actual person he was. Grant learned how to become educated and think like a man, rather than being negative all the time. He figured out that he wasn’t just accomplishing a good for Jefferson, but teaching his students that as an African American, you shouldn’t allow the white take control nor advantage of you.
Jefferson is a peculiar character in that the story is centred on his existence and, although his thoughts and opinions are seldom expressed, the lessons he learnt are completely unambiguous. As the tragic story goes, he is a very young black man unjustly condemned to death for a crime he did not commit. Furthermore, he is dehumanized in his defence when he is called a “hog” and this detrimentally affects his self esteem throughout a significant portion of the novel. However, this melancholic situation he is thrust into and his initial reaction to it is contrasted against his final moment which unashamedly reveals just how much he has learnt in his incarceration period. Jefferson, through the guidance of Grant, learns about the notion of dignity, a peculiarity that drives people towards the pinnacle of human
During the wrong time. Unfortunately he was punished for something he did not do. Miss Emma chose Grant to educate Jefferson and prepare to help him die with dignity. Around this time in the 1940’s, there was a lot of discrimination and to be black meant you were uneducated . Despite the overview of the story there are more things to focus on. Have you at any point read a book and watched the movie and both were not contrasting as you would like for it to be? Well from actuality
December 18, 1865, marked the end of African-American slavery in America, where-by black people gained more freedom in the land. However, a power imbalance between the black and white is still present. A Lesson Before Dying by Ernest J. Gaines gives readers insight to the immense abuse and hatred towards black people in the 1940s of America and furthers the reader's knowledge of black segregation and how the black people never gave up for their freedom and rights. The novel’s main plot follows Grant Wiggins, a young black man who was given the responsibility to make Jefferson, a black man who was unjustifiably accused of murder and sentenced to death by electrocution become truly a man and not a “hog” which is what the lawyer labeled Jefferson as. Throughout the novel, readers can recognize the great bond created as Grant encourages and aids Jefferson in becoming a man before his “judgment day”. Nevertheless, the novel was not only about Jefferson’s lesson before his death, but it was a lesson for many other characters in the novel. The most important lesson to learn before dying is the lesson of never give up, which can be seen through the actions of Jefferson, Miss Emma, and Grant.