Lifespan Development Stages

Skinner’s theory is based on the assumption that children learn by being active in the learning process . They use their senses to explore situations before drawing conclusions about them.

The physical growth transformations infants undergo in stage two of lifespan development range from, brain, motor, to sensory/perceptual development, and infant’s overall body height and weight. During the first two years, brain

I believe counseling is a collaborative partnership between client and counselor. Furthermore, this collaborative partnership is built from trust and acceptance of both client and counselor. I hope in conjunction with clients to understand the issues and concerns so to help them tap into their wisdom, creativity, and strengths to meet their current challenges. I believe in a comprehensive perspective through which clients can better comprehend themselves in the framework that our thinking about events can lead to emotional and behavioral upset. Moreover, counselors are to provide a safe environment for clients to explore their challenges and identify ways to move differently in overcoming these challenges.

Life is a series of continuous ebbs and flows. Life span development goes through the cycles and stages of infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early or emerging adulthood, middle adulthood, and late adulthood; it is the definitive culmination to the end of life (Berger, 2008). Lifespan development focuses on human development. Although there are develop mentalists who study the course of development in nonhuman species, the vast majority examines growth and change in people. Some seek to understand universal principles of development, whereas others focus on how cultural, racial, and ethnic differences affect the course of development. Still others aim to understand the unique aspects of individuals, looking at the traits

At the age of 53, as a member of the growing older population, there has been many occupational changes throughout my life. An individual never realizes how a passage from one state, stage, subject, or place to another change the body and mind. Every day is a battle mentally and physically to complete the tasks of the day. Exercise has been a powerful reliever of pain for the body and soul. People face many diverse challenges and changes across the span of a life and occupational therapy can take actions to improve a situation, especially with medical disorders.

The study of human development is essential for the reason that is provides us with the answers we seek by enabling us to understand, explain, predict, and even control behavior (Gardiner & Kosmitzki, 2010). Having stated that, a theory greatly contributes to our understanding and analysis of our findings. Theories do so by providing a scheme that helps

Lifespan development is “the field of study that examines patterns of growth, change, and the stability in behavior that occur throughout the entire life span” (Feldman, 2014, pg 5). The biological inheritance from my parents, the environments I have walked through, and my increase awareness of spirituality have molded me into a great person. Thus, “development requires that we look at the joint efforts of the interaction of heredity and environment, and how, in the end underlie human behavior” (Feldman, 2014, pg 5). Throughout this paper important aspects of each developmental stage- prenatal, infancy, early childhood, middle childhood, adolescence, early and middle adulthood, and spirituality will be discussed and I will include examples of my own development ultimately showing that I have been blessed with a great life.

There are many theories of development, but some are more influential and have inspired a lot of

B.F. Skinner and his theories on learning and

Theories of development are important as they can influence practice and help us understand a Childs way of learning, behaviour and reactions

The study of human development is a science. It is based on theories, data, analysis, critical thinking, and sound methodology (Berger). Five characteristics of Development that will be discussed in this paper are multidirectional, multi-contextual, multicultural, multidisciplinary and plasticity. There are also five theories of development which are psychoanalytical, behaviorism, cognitive, socio-cultural, and epigenetic theory. Together these characteristics and theories can be used together to get a better understanding of the human development and how much genetics play a role in development and how much the

B. F. Skinner thought of personality in terms of the effects external stimuli have on behavior. This emphasized the mutual interaction of the person or "the organism" with its environment. An example of this is something a baby learns. If a baby cries and receives attention, it teaches the baby that in order to get attention they need to cry. Princess Diana learned that external stimuli have a huge effect on her behavior.

This was the first topic I was exposed to from this course and knowledge was immediately gained on human development. I learned that there are three fundamental issues of development which are the nature-nurture controversy, continuity versus discontinuity and universal versus context specific development (Demendonca, 2016). I also learned that there are four basic forces that can impact development, which are the biological forces, psychological forces, socio cultural forces and life cycle forces (Demendonca, 2016).

After reviewing the two articles provided and studies of my proposed topic, there was no evidence of the theoretical and conceptual frameworks in six of my studies. However, there is one theoretical framework in my quantitative study that focuses on the individual and is grounded within the context of the life-span perspective of human development theory. Contextual influences include the types of changes in resources that occur in response to the individual's needs for resources throughout a changing life-span. Life-span development involves biological considerations, cultural considerations, and individual factors working together. The life-span perspective put emphasis on the development of the course of a lifetime, and all stages of the

Infancy refers to babies from birth to two, sometimes three years of age. Physical and cognitive growth during infancy is rapid, more rapid than any other time in a person’s life excluding adolescences. The first three years of a child’s life are crucial to their overall cognitive development (Berger,2014). All aspects of early life affect brain patterns from infancy until late adulthood. Renowned psychologist Sigmund Freud said that all adult behavior is rooted in the infancy period and that infant experiences are the cornerstone for behavioral and cognitive development (Bremner, 2006).