Light Pollution: The Dark Side of Outdoor Lighting

2. London has suffered from terrible air pollution for at least seven centuries. Why is the city so prone to its famous “London fog?” What did London do to get rid of its air pollution? Because of The terrible events in Pennsylvania and London, plus the recognition of the hazards of photochemical smog. They did the Clean Air Act in 1970 in the United States. The act now regulates 189 pollutants.

A medical definition of vision impairment is a sine qua non that prohibits 20/20 vision in one or both eyes (Bowman, Bowman, Dutton & Royal National Institute for the Blind, 2001; Vision Australia, 2015; Webster & Roe, 1998). Examples of vision impairment include, cataracts, which has the lens inside the eye increasingly cloudy; albinism, which is passed down genetically affecting clear vision and causes sensitivity to bright light; optic nerve damage, which affects field of vision as those nerves controlling vision are disrupted; macular degeneration, where parts of the retina that control colour and fine details are affected; retinitis pigmentosa, which is an ongoing reduction of the field of vision available and nystagmus, where the eye flickers involuntary (Bowman, Bowman, Dutton & Royal National Institute for the Blind, 2001; American Foundation for the Blind, 2015; Vision Australia, 2015 ; Baton Rouge Regional Eye Bank, 2015). John suffers from retinitis

Visual impairment is a state wherein an individual experiences difficulty in seeing or not being able to see anything physical presented to them. According to Mandal, MD (2013) It is a state where a visually impaired person’s eyesight cannot be corrected back to a “normal level”. Visual impairment is often associated with old age. In Europe, an estimated 15.5 million people have visual impairment and in seven countries in Europe, about 50% of blindness is caused by age-related macular degeneration. (Dibb,

This can lead to a build up of pressure in the eye, quite suddenly too.

Macular Degeneration is a disease that affects the retina of the eye. The retina is a layer in the back of the eye that helps us to see. It is also the lining of the eye that helps us respond to light. However, when having macular degeneration there are major changes in a person's central vision. The disease causes central images to appear blurred and then dark spots may begin to appear that get larger and larger. It may also be very hard to see straight lines as Macular Degeneration may cause them to be curved. When having this disease color may appear to be darker and less vivid than normal.

Define sky glow, light trespass and glare. Sky glow refers to the light you see hovering over a city or heavily populated area, which is caused by uncontrolled light sources illuminating dust and atmospheric particles. When the uncontrolled light spills into dark areas or areas where the light is unwanted it is called Light Trespass. Also, Glare can be caused by light trespass.

*Light Sensitivity - Afflicted with this impairment some people experience auras, which depicts difficulty within the nervous system. These sensations can manifest in the forms of flashes of light, distorted vision and difficulty communicating and comprehending words.

As previously stated in the results section of this report, if there is a breakdown of the blood-ocular barrier, the amount of proteins present within the aqueous humour will tend to increase. When viewing the anterior chamber with a slit lamp, this increase in protein content will result in light being scattered. Flare is the term given to the presence of this scattered light. Flare is a common symptom seen in acute iritis and therefore would likely be seen in this patient with the use of a slit lamp.

Have you ever wondered what light pollution is? Light pollution is the effect of artificial lights on the night sky. The problems of light pollution in the United States includes the hampers of our view of some of life’s most spectacular sights, the harming of wildlife and it prevents us from seeing the night sky.

Cataracts; this illness can cause clouding of the eye lens which can cause the blurring of vision and blindness. Macular degeneration; this is caused by damage to the retina which can cause blindness. Pterygium; this can cause tissue to grow over the white part of you eye. These are only a few of many illnesses that are caused by not wearing sunglasses. As you can see they are all very dangerous. Just another reason to wear sunglasses. Also another reason to buy the right type of sunglasses

     Macular Degeneration is a problem in the part of the eye that controls your sharpest central vision. It is a group of diseases that result in a loss of detailed vision. The brain will not just leave the spot empty, so it learns to fill it in with spotty macular cell damage. People most of the time don't tell their doctors (opthalmologists) about it until it is well in advance.

If increased floaters, flashes of light during peripheral vision, or a loss of peripheral vision it is recommended that a person seek an eye care professional for an examine as soon as possible. Floaters happen when the vitreous (a gel type component) fills 80% of the eye helping it maintain its round shape will slowly shrink. However, as the vitreous shrinks it appears to become stringy casting tiny shadows on the retina known as floaters. Floaters are known as part of the aging process and can be annoying, distracting, and eventually tend to settle at the bottom of the eye making it less irritating, but does not completely go away. However, it can become serious resulting in an infection, uveitis (inflammation), retinal tears, hemorrhaging, and injury to the eye (NIH,

This condition happens when too much UV light enters the cornea. It may be caused by:

Vision challenge or impairment is when a person’s degree of seeing is very low and the affected person requires assistance in order to carry out daily routine. Significantly, for one to qualify as visually impaired there must be prove that a person cannot undertake duties by himself without necessary assistance. For a person to qualify as a visually challenged, there must be a prove that the affected eyes cannot be conventionally treated. Visual challenge cannot be corrected by surgery, refractive measures neither by medication and that is why it is termed as visual impairment. The most rampart causes of visual challenge are trauma, degenerative or congenital means and a variety of diseases. In the society,

The increase in CO2 emission is primarily caused by the burning of fossil fuels. Fossil fuels are carbon-based fuels from fossil carbon deposits, including coal, oil, and natural gas. The burning of fossil fuels is a big part of life because it powers automobiles, heats and cools homes, and generates electricity. This combustion of fossil fuels is about 90% of the total emission in the world (Greenhouse gases, Climate change, and energy). When this fuel is burned, it pollutes the atmosphere and increases the global warming process. What makes CO2 dangerous is the fact that it is nonrenewable and it warms the earth faster. CO2 emissions should be lowered because when the earth is warmed up this and other greenhouse gases increase the rate at which the polar ice caps melt, resulting in increasing sea levels and flooding. To help reduce these CO2 emissions replacing a regular incandescent light bulb with a compact fluorescent light bulb can save 300 pounds of carbon dioxide a year (Al Gore, reduce your impact at home, 1), moving a thermostat down 2° in winter and up 2° in summer could save about 2,000 pounds of carbon dioxide a year (Al Gore, reduce your impact at home, 3). Another great way to reduce CO2 emission is by switching to energy efficient appliances which can save 175 million pounds of carbon dioxide. These are one of many fantastic ways to help save the environment and drastically reduce the amount of CO2 being put into the atmosphere(Al Gore, reduce your