Lightner Witmer And Inez Beverly Prosser

Throughout the span of history, psychology has always existed. Humans have always pondered why we think, act, and see the world as we do. Most information we have on the very foundations of psychology come from philosophers and physicists such as Plato, Aristotle, Descartes, and Gustav Fechner. Today I’ll be comparing two very different psychologists: John B. Watson and Carl Rogers. Although these two display different feelings and approaches to their field, they share the same roots. Keeping this in mind, I believe it’s important to understand that evaluating the likeness of contrasting branches

Throughout history, many have contributed to psychology and have made an impact and developed innovative theories and ideas. Two contributors who have influenced the treatment of patients and even helped innovate a new school of thought are Abraham Maslow and Dorothea L Dix. Their contributions drew attention to some problems that were present at the time and helped society realize the importance of mental health and ethical ways of treating patients.

George Herbert Mead and Erving Goffman are two theorists in the study of sociology that have impacted the way we see sociology today. Their works, when closely examined, actually share some extreme similarities. Both of these men seemed very interested in the perception of self in the eyes of others as well as yourself. “Mind, Self, and Society” is an article written by Mead which was placed in the book entitled “Social Theory: The Classic Tradition to Post-Modernism” which was edited by Farganis with the copyright of McGraw-Hill in 2004. This primarily deals with the development of one’s self, or their identity. “Presentation of Self in Everyday Life” is an article written by Goffman which was arranged to be in the book “Inner Lives and

Detective’s Note: Howard Ashleman, Reno Parks and Miranda Lovette the girlfriend of Reno went to CFVMC at approximately 3:00 a.m. Reno Parks was treated for a deep laceration to his hand. Reno Parks and Raymond Hunt both refused to speak with Law Enforcement. Howard’s cellphone records indicated his phone was in the area of Murphy road from approximately 8:24 p.m. until 12:00 a.m.

Carl Rogers and Fritz Perls played important roles in the field of psychology. They modeled two great theories that are still used in the current psychology and counseling sessions. Even though Rogers and Perls are certainly two very extreme personalities, there are a lot of commonalities that exist between the person-centered and Gestalt theories those that stem from a similar existential base (Larsson, 2006). This work will explore major assumptions of the two theories, compare and contrast views and assessments of the normal and abnormal behavior between the two theories; it will further look into how behavior change is facilitated between the two theories. The work will also explore various technologies used between the two theories; it will also highlight the strengths and shortcomings between the two theories.

Rudolph Fisher and Marita Bonner are African American writers whose contribution to literary writings is highly regarded, having enhanced the themes of life for the African-Americans. A study into their lives, styles, works, and contributions to African-American literature helps in revealing the dynamisms in which the general world of literary writings are understood and applied. Reading through the materials both authors have written enables one to assess the similarities and contrasts in their personal and professional lives.

Robert Greenleaf and James Hunter are both experts when it comes to leadership. Greenleaf coined the term “servant leadership” and published his first essay regarding this topic in 1970. Hunter is a world renowned author and speaker because of his leadership forte, and has worked with thousands of business executives on developing leadership skills that create successful businesses (Hunter 1998). Both of these men are distinguished professionals because of their philosophies and approaches to efficacious leadership, but they each have a different approach of how they present and represent these ideas.

Since the 19th century, William Clifford and William James have been the foremost religious theorist and have attempted to answer significant creation and theological mysteries. However, Clifford and James have varying views on the belief debate, each formulating a rational argument of what the basis for belief should be. Clifford’s, Ethics of Belief and James’ The Will to Believe outline their respective arguments which are vastly similar and but have marked differences. Both articles will be examined for these similarities and difference and stated within this paper.

For instance, Rogers (1965) devoted much of his work and writing to the uniqueness of ordinary people in the psychology of science. As such, he interrogated the place of the individual person in life through a series of thought-provoking psychological dissertations. For instance, he challenged the role of the American Association of Humanistic Psychologists in enhancing an educational atmosphere that would create a philosophy of life that transcends time and one that infuses the true value of living. Likewise, Wertheimer (1938) advanced the principle of the Gestalt Theory, which further interrogates the essence of life and living within the science of psychology. Indeed, both Rogers and Wertheimer seem to concur with the arguments of psychologists such as William James who placed more value and emphasis on the human value. For instance, he called on the need to look more deeply in the human mind and to report what lies in there. Indeed, this is statement concurs with Roger’s and Wertheimer’s convictions that the human mind is a fundamental tool in psychological sciences and which holds the magical key of introspection. Eventually, it emerges that the individual person holds much of the power to affect their life experiences with aspects such as joy, pain, and sorrow and the

The general understanding of democracy is that it is a state of leadership where citizens of a country participate equally either directly or by representative individuals in the establishment of laws, which run the society. However, like many other forms of leadership, democracy has its cons and may not give the citizens the necessary freedoms that they think they have. Different philosophers have different insights on democracy in terms of concepts such as liberty, which they embraced. This paper will look at Benjamin Barber and Joseph Schumpeter’s idea of democracy contrasting their definition in terms of citizenship, obligation, rights and duties of each individual in the society declaring whose idea of democracy creates a compelling vision (Terchek & Conte, 2001).

Edwin Locke and Gary Latham will be the first ones to openly admit there are active limitations with the goal setting theory. It is not uncommon for individual goals to conflict with organizational goals. Moreover, research has proven complex goals have sparked motivation in teams to implement strategies with substantially high amounts of risk (Knight, Durham, & Locke, 2001). Sometimes people will believe higher risk strategies produce the greatest returns, yet high-risk goals consistently result in failure as well (Knight et. al, 2001). Additionally, when individuals simultaneously create two goals there is a greater chance they exert too much energy and focus on achieving just one of those goals. This can lead to one of the goals not receiving enough attention, which can potentially result in the person failing to reach the end result in either goal. In short, these are three common limitations of goal setting that typically draw concerns from other researchers and theorists. However, it is important people are aware of the limitations that do not receive as much attention, such as team goal setting, unethical behavior in high performance goals, and subconscious goals.

George Hebert Mead and Erving Goffman take on sociology from two very different perspectives. Most of Goffman’s writings were published during the fifties when the television and radio were in full swing, dominating society’s people. Mead studied social philosophy during the late 1890’s. Both Mead and Goffman took much of their lives studying the self and its origins. This included studying the way one acts in certain dilemmas or the reaction they may conquer. In the present 21st century the idea of finding one’s “true self “is so often advertised, basically pushing the mentality that every human being on this planet has a specific function with certain characteristics that the individual must discover in order to contribute to the rest of society. Theories thought out by Mead and Goffman bring awareness to the self and the relations between oneself, other people, and it environment.

Hinshelwood (1917) – First physician to advocate specific instructional approach for written language disorder called “word blindness”

On April 10, 1927, Marshall Warren Nirenberg was born in New York City, New York to Harry Edward Nirenberg and Minerva Bykowsky Nirenberg. He also had a sister named Joan N. Geiger. His father was a shirt maker who owned a shirt-manufacturing company in New York. However, young Nirenberg developed rheumatic fever. As a result, the family moved to Orlando, Florida, where the subtropical climate substantially improved his health, in 1939, when Marshall was just twelve years old. Rather than just ameliorating his health, growing up in Florida was what inspired Nirenberg to become a scientist and kindled his love for biology. He became intrigued with the natural world through bird-watching and exploration of the nearby wetlands that had such a diverse ecology. Even as a teenager, Nirenberg was a keen observer of plant life, birds, and insects. He would make careful sketches and take notes of what he saw. Nirenberg was even provided with instructions from professionals, such as biochemists, who were at World War II training camps that were nearby.

Fritz Perls, along with Laura Perls and Paul Goodman, developed Gestalt therapy in the 1940’s (Spillman & Rosen, 2014, p. 202). Fritz Perls was born into a Jewish family, but never fully identified with his Jewish heritage. In Gestalt Therapy: Excitement and growth in the human personality, Fritz Perls promotes the “Gestalt way of life”, which is when individuals become more aware of themselves and their needs rather than to allow external forces to dictate how they live their life (Perls, 1971). In other words, Gestalt therapy’s model could best be summarized by the “I do my thing, and you do your thing. I am not in this world to live up to your expectations and you are not in this world to live up to mine” motto (Spillman & Rosen, 2014, p. 203).