Lillian Wald: National Organization For Public Health Nursing

Nursing as a profession has faced many barriers over the centuries. One of the most defining barriers discussed in regard to the historical experience of nurses is the effects of its being considered, and for the most part being, work done by women. In evaluating nursing history it is necessary therefore to evaluate the ways in which society has evolved over time in terms of its views on the roles of nurses of women within the society and its institutions. In the U.S., the inception of nursing both as an occupation and later as a profession, has strong ties to the challenge of women's perceived role as a wife and mother whose sphere was solely domestic. In many ways, significant progress has been made from that time in what women and

Loretta Ford, is commonly known as the pioneer of the nurse practitioner role. The NP role was shaped by Ford, in collaboration with pediatrician Henry K. Silver in 1965, in response to the need for providers for well-child care, in community based settings (Zaccagnini & Waud White, 2017). Though many texts, Zaccagnini included, cite a physician shortage as the impetus for the creation of the role, Ford herself disputes the emphasis on this shortage, as one of several “myths” many of which continue to influence the NP movement (Towers, 2011). This creates a view of NPs as “physician extenders” or substitutes for physicians, and diminishes the role of the NP (Sullivan-Marx et al., 2007). The creation of the NP was in conjunction with nursing leadership, who were focused on creating graduate nurses for clinical specialization (Towers, 2011). The lack of providers simply created an opportunistic environment for nurses to reclaim the role that public health nurses had historically held, focusing on wellness, health promotion and disease prevention (Zaccagnini & Waud White, 2017). The first NPs were certified in the area of pediatrics, but soon began to develop focus on other populations, such as whole families, gerontology, women’s health, or psychiatry.

This interview was conducted on October 12, 2016, with Judy Hayes, RN. Ms. Hayes began her nursing career in 1981 as a primary nurse at New England Medical Center (NEMC). During her tenure there she held various positions ultimately becoming the manager of the Surgical Intensive Care Unit (SICU). Over the years Ms. Hayes has worked for private consulting firms and attained the Directorship of Utilization and Care Management at St. Elizabeth’s Medical Center (St. E’s). In 1999 Ms. Hayes joined Brigham and Women’s Hospital (BWH) as Director of Professional Practice and Staff Development. From 2005 through the present Ms. Hayes has been the Vice President of Nursing and Chief Nursing Officer (CNO) at the Brigham and Women’s Faulkner Hospital (BWFH).

Because immigrant parents could not afford to keep their babies, they were abandoned to the street where there was “not one instance of even a well-dressed infant having been picked up…” (Riis, 68). With majority of the abandoned infants coming from such poor conditions and left in even worse, those in the upper and middle class became horrified with the circumstances immigrants were living in when they came to America. Because very few men could not find jobs and women were culturally forbidden (with their native culture) to work, many women worked as “nurses” for abandoned babies, possibly even ones they may have left themselves (Riis,

According to American Nurses Association nursing can be defined as “the protection, promotion, and optimization of health and abilities, prevention of illness”. (American Nurses Association 2016) Nursing is a career where a person, should have compassion, a caring heart, and be devoted to their client care. Sometime person goes into the nursing field for the money, job stability, and because a person 's family member wants them to go into the nursing field. I feel like the future of nursing have yet to be determined.

1. In what sense is nursing a political act? How can professional nurse be activist? Discuss these questions and provide examples of political activism to illustrate your points.

The Vietnam War was the longest war ever fought by U.S. military forces. U.S. personnel were engaged from 1961 until 1973. Approximately 10,000 U.S. military women served in Vietnam during the war. Most were members of the Army, Navy, and Air Force Nurse Corps. All of the Army nurses were volunteers who attended a six-week basic training class, and then were assigned to one-year stunts in Vietnam hospitals and mobile army surgical hospital (MASH) units. Most of these nurses were fresh out of nursing school, some with less than six months of clinical experience. These nurses were not prepared for the physical and emotional wounds that they would have to heal.

According to American Nurses Association [ANA] (2013), advocacy is the key element in the nursing profession and during lobby day, nurse 's expertise is valued and acknowledged in the policy development process. To further analyze the significance of lobbying day, this paper will identify the purpose of the New York State Nurses Association (NYSNA), describe one issue, identify the behavioral characteristics of the group leader, describe the discussion, and analyze alternative strategies for the full discussion of issues.

“Research conducted by the ANA and other specialty groups provided the basis for nursing practice standards that currently guide professional practice. The increase in research activity in the 1940’s prompted the first

Automobiles were beginning to appear on the dirt roads, telephone service was starting to make

A discussion regarding the health care reform or even health care in general can be somewhat controversial. The definition of health is drastically different depending on whom you speak to. Many would define health as " a person's absence of disease, others would describe good health based on the status of mind, body & social well-being" (GCU Lecture, module 2, 2012). According to The American Heritage® Dictionary of the English Language, health is defined as "The overall condition of an organism at a given time". An individual's overall health affects the nation, this is where stakeholders come into value. According to Keele, Buckner & Bushnell a stakeholder is either an individual or an organization that either invest time and

immigrants. Wald dropped out of medical school and organized the Visiting Nurse Society (VNS). She

Nursing has changed over time from the instruments that are used, the process that procedures are done, and many medical advances. Nursing back in the Florence Nightingale days did not have specialties like we do today either. Nursing has a whole has progressed significantly since then. I believe that the history of nursing is important because we as nurses need to know where we come from and how this profession became what it is today. Without many prominent nurses such as Florence Nightingale, Mary Breckinridge, Agatha Cobourg Hodgins, and Adda Eldredge nursing would not be what it is today. The American Association for the History of Nursing is an association that nurses can join if they have an interest in the history of

Nurse Jackie is a show about an Emergency Department nurse who is extremely talented in her role with her impressive knowledge base, skill set, psychosocial aptitude and patient-centered care. Jackie is the nurse we all aspire to be, except she has some major flaws, mainly a prescription drug addiction. In this episode, Jackie has just gotten her nursing license back after a suspension when her addiction was discovered. Once she steps on the floor, she is seen efficiently managing multiple nursing tasks such as passing pills, managing IV fluids and taking vitals.

During her time as a visiting nurse, Wald became more aware of community needs for health care. It began as seeing a need for nurses in public schools, and turned into the first public health nursing system with assistance from the New York Board of Health (National Women’s Hall of Fame, 2011, para. 2). Wald then helped start the National Organization of Public Health, and was the first president (National Women’s Hall of Fame, 2011, para. 2). As a pioneer in public health nursing, Wald was able to “create models of public health and social service programs” (Henry Street Settlement, para. 2). She made great contributions to the nursing profession.