Limb Asymmetry During Running

Bonnechere and all’s purpose of writing this article was to “ [share] a biomechanical analysis of three different sprint start patterns to

Bonnechere et al. supports their claims by conducting a biomechanical analysis on twenty five males, all young and fit, and recording measurements in different areas (Bonnechere et al., 2014). However, the study exemplified field-of-view (FOV) and kinetic energy, and their relation to sprint starting positions and safety. Field-of-view is “[a] ratio between the height of the head and Verticality [,]” (Bonnechere et al., 2014). An increase in FOV will lower the injury risk, because players are more alert of their environment. Ergo, they can avoid injury. According to the averages of each stance and the categories, initial position and motion, “[t]he FOV is increased when adopting a 2-point starting position because the trunk is more vertical,” (Bonnechere et al., 2014). Simply, when the angle between the body’s trunk and head is approximately straight, the FOV is high.

Dr. Delp’s research analyzes muscle movement, structure, and purpose with the use of model simulations mechanisms and other software technology. In Running with a load increases leg stiffness, it is identified that added loads to the body impacts running posture, causing crouching of the body, and does contribute to higher leg stiffness. In line with Dr. Delp’s talk today of the “Dynamics of walking and running,” a comparison is established between both types of movement and the authors delve into how each are impacted when under a load (ranging from 10-30% body fat). Subjects walking and running under a load, compared to zero load, were to found to have longer ground

This article is about the fast growing technique of endurance running, which has evolved over the years significantly. Although it may seem like a bit trendy and popular, this particular type of running has its pros and cons. Due to the fact that endurance running includes a various amount of repetitive ground impact forces, it is not unlikely for one to develop a stress injury to the lower leg. In order to decrease the risk that comes along with endurance running, preventative measures should be enforced. When running some of the most common injuries that one may be at risk for are patellofemoral pain syndrome, tibial stress fractures, plantar fasciitis, and Achilles tendonitis. But in this article, a new study suggests that Barefoot running contains the potential to promote the healing process, increase performance, and decrease injury rates. Still to this day disagreement exists as to whether barefoot/minimalist running stimulates healing, increases performance and decreases injury rates.

Running, it is the simplest of movements: right foot, left foot, right foot, and the simplest of actions: run, relax, and breathe. Many individuals participate in this form of exercise because they enjoy how good it makes them feel, they enjoy feeling the strength of their body while they run, and they enjoy using it as a way of relieving their stress. There are many other factors to take into consideration that effect a persons running such as, the type of footwear they are using, the distance they are running, and the speed of which they are running at. The objective of the main article was to research and compare the differences in stride length, hip, knee and ankle angles in runners when running two different conditions, shod and barefoot, also while running at two

Manual muscle testing will be tested to assess the strength in muscles used for running such as the prime/strong muscles which are the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, soleus, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. This will also determine the weakness in muscles such as the plantarflexors, dorsiflexors, knee flexion, and knee extension. Also, range of motion will be tested on the tight muscles such as the hamstrings, gastrocnemius, quadriceps, and tibialis anterior. When the muscles are tight, the runner will increase the risk of injury (Schipper, 2009). Gait analysis will be used to examine deficits to body function, stability, and describe how the patient will be running. This will help determine the patient’s biomechanics and achieve adequate mobility. Lastly, we will perform a pain assessment to see what pain level the patient is at when running. This will help determine whether the patient is minimizing stress on the body to achieve no pain at all while running. To monitor progress of these assessments, we must know that if these “muscles are weak or become fatigued easily, there is less control of the leg and the risk of injury increases" (Schipper, 2009, paragraph

Some people cannot tell they have muscular compensation. Asymmetry is hidden by false symmetry due to muscle compensation (“Dangers of Muscular”). This means that your body can hide the signs of these patterns. The body will recognize there is asymmetry because of the weak muscles, then it will fix it with falsesymmetry. The body can allow this to go on until it is seriously injured. The Fleet Feet Website, a website dedicated to runners and health, says that “the body only works until something breaks down” (“Compensation Patterns”). People can see a few specialists to see if they have compensation

To begin the participant were split into 5 groups and each participant participated in the lab unless they have no cleared their PARQ+ form (Table 1). Next the participants age in years (yr), height in centimeters (cm) with no shoes on, Body Mass in kilograms (kg) with light clothing on and no shoes, and Gender I was measured. Each participant then warmed up on the Monark bike for 5 minutes (mins) at 80 revolutions per minute (rpm) and 1.5 kilopond’s (kp) before they participated in isometric dynamometry. Then the participants sat on the stool and the adjustable strap was attached to the right ankle. The line pull that is attached to the participants right ankle and the stool was then examined to make sure it was parallel to the ground or horizontal, and the participants ankle was place in the proper

The participants then completed the functional evaluation by completing three one-leg hop tests on each limb. The longest distance was recorded and calculated as the percentage of the performance of the ACL reconstructed leg over the uninvolved leg, the scores were calculated as the limb symmetric index (LSI). The authors of this study defined the ceiling effect as the percent of participants who received the maximum score of 100 points. The Spearman correlation coefficient was used to examine the correlation between both scales and the limb symmetric index and was interpreted as r > 0.5 which indicated a strong association. The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was then used to examine the distribution

(Hewett, 2005) Compared with male athletes, female athletes tend to generate greater abduction loads during cutting and landing, which may, in part, explain the discrepancy in injury rates observed between the sexes. (McLean S.G, 2005-2007) In regards to planes of motion, the quadriceps and hamstrings muscles have the potential to provide dynamic frontal-plane knee stability because of their abduction and/or adduction moment arms. (Lloyd D.G 2001) Exercising a neuromuscular biomechanical model, noted that the quadriceps and hamstrings not only have the potential to support frontal-plane moments but also actually do provide support to abduction-adduction moments (Lloyd D.G

Michael Fredericson, M., *, Tammara Moore, PT, Muscular Balance, Core Stability, and Injury Prevention for Middle- and Long-Distance Runners. Phys Med Rehabil Clin N Am 2005, 16, 669–689.

When absorbing ground reaction forces during physical activity, rather than using the muscular prime movers of the lower extremity, females act on the use of bony configuration and articular cartilage and ligaments to absorb these forces (4). Newton’s third law states that for every action, there is an equal and opposite reaction. In any action of sports whether a soccer player makes a cut on the field, or a basketball player lands from grabbing a rebound, the reaction force is actually greater than an

Kernozek T, Durall CJ, Friske A, Mussallem M. Ankle Bracing, Plantar-Flexion Angle, and Ankle Muscle Latencies During Inversion Stress in Healthy Participants. Journal of Athletic Training. 2008;43(1):37-43. doi:10.4085/1062-6050-43.1.37.

Since writing his paper Greig’s (2008) work has been citied 82 times across a range of different topics such as further aetiology, recovery and injury prevention (Opar et al. 2012; Dranganidis at el. 2015; Martyn et al. 2015) . Being citied so many times gives us an indication of how successful this experiment was as it is now the basis of many scholar’s information. Greig’s findings inspired himself along with others to further test this idea. The reliability of this experiment was increased by using SAFT, which is a multidirectional test requiring players to mimic the movement they use in a game with incorporating sharp change in directions, running around obstacles and therefore not running in a straight line on a treadmill similar to the

There is a hypothesis as to female athletes, limiting knee and hip flexion during sport tasks, rely more on the passive restraints in the frontal plane to decelerate their body center of mass. It is considered to increase the risk for anterior cruciate ligament injury (ACL). We conducted experiment to find the relationship between sagittal plane kinematics and frontal plane knee motion and moments since it has not been clarified. To access the hypothesis, we arranged fifty-eight female soccer players (from 11 to 20 years old) without knee injury history into high flexion and low flexion groups separately to perform a drop landing task, and we collected kinematics, ground reaction forces, and surface electromyography. As a result, subjects