Limitation Of The Strengths And Repitations Of Human Developments

Many of us have all heard the saying that a “lizard can lose its tail,” and bizarrely enough it will grow back. This was always considered impossible for humans, an idea belonging in the realm of science fiction, but now the regeneration of tissue is an extremely realistic possibility. Despite some opinions, this process does not happen naturally, or take place as cinematically as one might imagine. Over the past decade, there have been major advances in regenerative medicine, commonly known as stem cell research. Stem cells are undifferentiated cells within the body that have the capability to specialize into any tissue. They are most commonly found in cord blood, bone marrow, organ donations, placenta, and embryos . Stem cells are seen by some as a new miracle treatment, encouraging many countries to invest in their research.

6. The reattached nerves would not recover as quickly and completely as the reattached muscles after Jim’s surgery because the body will repair itself by regenerating the muscles. Theses regenerating nerve muscles will automatically grow down the nerve and restore muscle by supplying it with nerves through regrowth. If they connect correctly the motor nerve to muscle and sensory nerve to skin will recover. If they do not connect correctly, they will not completely

The recovery period after large scale injuries could be shortened. The effects are analyzed in an article that states, “True healing could occur thanks to the cloning of their own cells to help the recovery process” (“Pros and Cons” 5). Basically, the process of cloning healthy cells could be used as an aid in replenishing damage of unhealthy cells. This process, if it were to be actualized, could help recovery progress in anything from pulled muscles to the paralysis of an entire limb. In theory, the same research can be applied in other areas. If this technology is paired with stem cell research, it could result in a method of repairing physical damage. An article that focused on advances in biotechnology stated that “Another use of cloned stem cells could be the growth of replacement tissues in the laboratory” (LaPensee 15). Necrosis, apoptosis, and lymphocyte diapedesis all cause tissue damage or death. These tissues could be replaced by cloned cells of healthy tissues. This shortens recovery periods and leads to healthier tissue growth.

Martini, F. H., Nath, J. L., and Bartholomew, E. F. “Muscle Tissue.” Anatomy & Physiology. 9th

Many organisms easily lose limbs and can grow them back again. Scientists have studied various organisms that are able to repair damaged body parts, such as lizards, spiders, sponges, and sharks. These are a few organisms that undergo regeneration with different body parts such as tails, legs, body divisions, and teeth. The process of regeneration describes the replacement, renewal, and restoration of lost body parts.

The stem cells that regenerate a frog tail and a salamander limb have very different properties of stem cells. In these animals, each tissue – such as muscle, nerve, or skin – has its own set of stem cells that just make the different types of cells in that particular tissue. In other words, a muscle stem cell cannot make skin and skin stem cells can’t make muscle. These multipotent tissue-specific stem cells are probably very similar to the stem cells in our own bodies that renew or repair tissues such as our skin or muscle. How do these regenerative animals regrow such complex structures? The answer may be closer than we

Michael Longaker’s interests lie at the intersection of wound/bone regeneration and stem cell biology. In the Peripheral Blood-Derived Mesenchymal Stem Cells: Candidate Cells Responsible for Healing Critical-Sized Calvarial Bone Defects, the efficacy of peripheral blood (PB) for use in regenerative medicine is significant, with its retrieval viewed as relatively easy. Experiments such as bone regeneration were carried out with the use of PB stem cells. The paper finds that through a specific coculturing process mesenchymal cells can be derived from PB (CD34+) which happen to be choice candidates for quicker bone healing and re-calcification in bone defects (Li). The key discoveries here are the identification of easily retrievable source of stem cells, which help give rise, under a specific culturing protocol, to a specific group of non-hematopoietic cells. This is directly in line with Dr. Longaker’s research as he investigates the possible uses of regenerative medicine in skeletal regeneration. Here we are provided an example of how these CD45- cells can be utilized for treatment of bone defects as it facilitations bone formation and osteogenesis. What should be asked here is how viable is this form of treatment. There is a lot of discussion surrounding the necessary conditions to produce these BD-MSCs and how it is very condition dependent. It would have been preferable to know the amount of time and the amount of cells required to see efficient

regenerate, to sprout a new limb or change its growth direction if it should be cut

All of the regenerated forelimb will contain GFP positive cells. This happens because the regenerated tissue has originated from the cartilage that was transplanted into the salamanders

: In an observational study, the developmental stages of an axolotl’s embryo were observed and scientist were able to identify a series of changes in the gene expression that aided in understanding the axolotl’s regenerative abilities. The axolotl; also known as the Mexican salamander, is an amphibian related to the tiger salamander that is known for its ability to completely regenerate limbs and organs. Cellular regeneration is the regrowth of a damaged or missing organ part from the remaining tissue and that’s why this study is important to both the biological and medical communities. Through this study, biologist were able to identify what in the axolotl’s early development gives it its unique properties and how those genes are reactivated to trigger limb formation in an adult. Also, by studying the genes that allow for the axolotl to completely regenerate

Many human development specialists have examined memory loss of adults later in life. During the past fifty years, there have been many studies in children’s cognitive development and earlier childhood memory loss. Ernest G. Schachtel conducted studies on why people forget childhood memories as they grow older. He described the processes that could be involved in early memory loss (Crain, 2005). He was influenced by Sigmund Freud’s cognitive theory (Crain, 2005). Lev S. Vygotsky, however, described children’s early memory development as a holistic process that involved society, physiological, cultural, and economical environments. (Vygotsky,

Stem cells make it possible for regeneration in the planarian and they work by regrowing the cells that were lost (Showk 2014). Although, regeneration can still be possible if the planarian does not have their full central nervous system intact (Emeritus 1969). In able for the planarian to regenerate, there has cells that can duplicate the old tissue and make sure the new tissue is formed right. (Reddien 2004). In a planarian there is a material called blastema and blastema is an important material which developes cells that are needed in order to have a full healthy organism (Reddien 2004). Blastemas are able to remake all of the tissues that were lost from an injury but they cannot put them in the correct place so blastema formation and morphallaxis are needed to fully replace the tissue (Reddien 2004). Morphallaxis is used to restore the symmetry of the new tissues and it also models how and where the tissues are to be placed in the organism (Reddien 2004). A planarian can be cut into 279 tiny pieces and it will still be able to regenerate with all of those pieces of the organism (Showk

Introduction: Many model organisms have been used in order to advance human medicine. The primary one being the lab mouse, but there are several other different species that give rise to advancements in human treatment. Planaria and axolotls have been a prominent source of how signaling mechanisms work in order to regenerate parts in eukaryotic organisms. If researchers can figure out how to turn these signaling pathways on in the conserved regeneration part of the human genome, then doctors will likely be able to use this to their advantage. This can be achieved by manipulating human signaling pathways to regenerate tissues within the heart, lungs, nervous system, and even systems with multiple tissue types like the limbs. This is where the study of axolotls comes in.

There are three foundations of human development. The foundations are the biological development, psychological development, and social development. The concept of human diversity and cultural competences demonstrates how different people can be. General systems theory and social order are connected in some way.