Limiting Reagent Lab Report

The number of moles of ascorbic acid neutralized in the experiment is given by multiplying the moles of NaOH used (0.00235128 mol) by the unit conversion coefficient (1 mol ascorbic acid/1 mol NaOH).

Solutions of 6M H2SO4, 6M NH3, 6M HCl, 6M NaOH, and 1.0 M of NaCl, 1M Fe(NO3)3, 1M NiSO4, 1M AgNO3, 1M KSCN, 1M Ba(NO3)2, and 1M Cu(NO3)2 were given in separate test tubes. The color of possible precipitates, ions, acid-base behaviour, odor and solubility rules were conducted and were reported in Table 1. The key information about a mixture of two solutions was

The purpose of this lab was to identify unknown bacteria cultures using various differential tests, and my unknown bacteria is #17. The identification of these unknown cultures was accomplished by separating and differentiating possible bacteria based on specific biochemical characteristics. Whether the tests performed identified specific enzymatic reactions or metabolic pathways, each was used in a way to help recognize those specifics and identify the unknown cultures. The differential tests used to identify the unknown cultures were Gram stain, Catalase, Mannitol Salt Agar (MSA), Blood Agar, Novobiocin, Coagulase, and DNAse (Alachi, 2007).

The limiting reactant lab was constructed to provide a better understanding of precipitation reactions, by using filtration techniques. Also, it was created to help determine the limiting reactants in a solution, and to calculate theoretical and percent yield. Within the experiment two metal salts were prepared. Part A formed the precipitation of cobalt (II) carbonate, while Part B formed the precipitation of nickel (II) phosphate. The experiment concluded, the calculated theoretical yields of 0.120 g for CoCO3 and 0.184 g for Ni3(PO4)2.

The purpose of this experiment is to prepare a Grignard reagent by reacting with alkyl or aryl halide and to ultimately react the Grignard reagent with carbon dioxide in order to produce carboxylate. The formed carboxylate is then protonated with an acid to produce carboxylic acid that could be used with liquid-liquid extraction to isolate the unknown acid from the other products from side reactions. The final unknown product is identified by measuring the melting point and calculating the molecular weight obtained from titration.

2. (5 pts) List and explain the names and affiliations of the various characters/stakeholders in this story – I’m looking for us to use the story to map out the complexities that are generally associated with solving public health puzzles – the stakeholders you list and explain here should apply to many of the cases we consider going forward.

The process was then repeated for the second reaction but using 1.00-mL of a 6.00-M phosphoric acid solution and 4.00-mL of a 3.00-M sodium hydroxide solution.

When it is almost neutralized, pour possible minimum amount of sodium hydroxide for a fair result.

The reactant ions reacted and decreased as more product formed. By measuring the conductivity throughout, the equivalence point was determined. With the equivalence point and the stoichiometric relationship, the molarity of barium hydroxide can be determined. Another way to calculate the molar concentration of barium hydroxide would be to calculate the number of moles of the insoluble barium sulfate by gravimetric determination.

HCl is known as Hydrogen chloride in its gas state, but when in the presence of water, it is known as hydrochloric acid(PubChem). Hydrochloric acid is extremely corrosive and has uses in both laboratories and industrial settings(PubChem). This acid can cause short term complications such as irritation to the eyes and nose or it can leave long term effects like dermatitis and chronic bronchitis (PubChem). Sodium hydroxide is a base that neutralizes acids and when in liquid form it has a higher density than water (PubChem). The compound is used in various textile industries (PubChem). NaOH can be corrosive to metals and is toxic if ingested (PubChem).

A potential set-up was prepared wherein the 25 x 150 mm test tube was filled with K2SO4 (30mL, 0.15 mol) saturated at 0 °C in 5M H2SO4. The test tube was immersed in ice, power supply was adjusted to give the solution a current of ~3.0 amps. Current was read and recorded as accurately a possible, as well as the time over which electrolysis was carried out. K2S2O8 precipitated over a period of 45-50 minutes during which the temperature was maintained close to 0 °C (~8 °C or lower) during electrolysis.

3. Calculate the total heat released in each reaction, assuming that the specific heat of the solution is the same as for pure water (4.18J/gK). Use q=mcΔT. Show work here and record your answer in Data Table 2.

Sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to the solution until it becomes neutral. Ph paper was used for this test to determine its ph value.

Reactants that are not use up when the reaction is finished are defined as the excess reagents. On the other hand, reactants that is completely used up or reacted is called the limiting reagent, because its quantity limit the amount of products formed.

In a chemical experiment when two substances are reacting, one reactant will be consumed first then the other one and it will be call Limiting reactant. “The limiting reactant is a reactant in a chemical reaction that determines the amount of product produced” (Helmenstine). This is the substance that controls the results, depending on the amount that it can produce it’s going to be determinate how far the chemical reaction can go. The Percent Yield gives the amount of product that could possibly be produced in a given reaction. Percent yield measures how efficient the reaction is under certain conditions.” Percent yield measures how efficient the reaction is under certain conditions” (Boundless). To find the Percent Yield, we have to calculate