Linear Spirometry Lab Report

1. Dependent Variable. respiratory volumes 2. Independent Variable. level of physical activity [resting or exercising] 3. Controlled Variables. height; age; sex 4. Which respiratory volume was calculated? Breating rate, TV, ERV, and IRV. 5. What was the purpose of the nose clip? the nose clip was used for the lung function testing to prevent leakage with

Incentive- Spirometry could also be just as effective to loosen secretions, reduce airway resistance and enhance gas exchange (Pillitteri,

The complexity of the respiratory system and the physiology behind pulmonary respiration can be considered extraordinary high. Within the single system, individual organs, actions and co-ordinations are culminated to equate in the survival of humans. The respiratory system carries out many roles within the body; control of bodily pH, aid in speech production and olfaction, regulation of blood pressure and promotion of venous and lymphatic flow. Although these function are necessary to optimally function, the exchange of gases from the internal bodily environment to the external bodily environment is the most important function and role of the respiratory system (Martini, Ober, Nath 2011).

Martin Wright developed the mechanical peak flow meter in 1959, it has been used to monitor serial lung function in asthmatics because it is inexpensive, compact, easy to use, and it provides an objective measure of lung function (Ayala et.al, 2014, p.84). Moreover, the peak flow meter has evolved since its creation almost 60 years ago, in terms of both size and precision. In addition, patients can be taught to use the peak flow meter and monitor their own lung function to determine when to use different medications as directed by an asthma action plan, which is constructed by the patient’s physician and or caregivers. A Peak flow meter is a portable

The study will be four weeks long in total. During that time, it will necessary for you to come to the clinic once the first and once the fourth week of the study for the spirometry test. During the second and third weeks, you will need to participate in aquarobic classes three days. These three days are flexible to match your schedule. After the last visit on the fourth week for the spirometry test, the study will be finished.

The objective of this study was to determine the acute and immediate effects of cold and warm air exercise on pulmonary functioning testing (PFT) and the presence of exercise-induced bronchospasm (EIB) in seemingly healthy athletes. The researchers also wanted to conclude if there was a significant decrease of PFT variables like peak expiratory flow rate (PEFR), forced vital capacity (FVC), and forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1.0). The study included the participation of eight men and four women with a mean age of 31.6 + 4.8 years and 27.3 + 5.0 years respectively. Each runner had to confirm the following prior to participating in the experiment: 1) rid of any metabolic, cardiac, and respiratory diseases, 2) run at least 20 miles each week, and 3) land within 21 and 45 years old. The experiment occurred in January in Minnesota. The two settings were an outside course and a treadmill indoors with a 6% grade and speed adapted to accommodate the runners’ 85-95% maximal heart rate (MHR).

Spirometry is the most popular lung function test. The patient performs a maximal inhalation and then forcefully exhales as quickly and as long as they are able. The spirometer measures the volume of the air exhaled by patients. These measurements are taken at two intervals. The first measurement is the forced expiratory volume in one second (FEV1), records the volume of air exhaled after one second. The second measurement is taken at the point where the patient has fully exhaled the volume of inhaled air; this measurement is the forced vital capacity (FVC) (Harpreet Ranu et al.,

Procedures: Initially, a clean mouthpiece was placed on the tube of the spirometer. Then, the nose clip was put in the subject nods to prevent the air escaping through the nasal passageway. The subject has been asked to take a deep breath and expire all the air in the tube to get the FVC value. This procedure had to be repeated again, and the subject was asked to expire as fast and as hard he/she could to get the FVE1 measurement. Afterwards, this was repeated in supine position. Also, this step was duplicated

The results supported that the female swimmers had a higher lung performance than the female non-swimmers. The swimmers’ total average was 34.61 L/min higher. This could be explained by the fact that that the swimmer subjects had been swimming routinely and competitively for the past four years. This also leads to the question as to if their lung volume is also greater than non-swimmers. This could be studied by assessing the same subjects with a different pulmonary test such as the body plethysmography. Other tests could also be performed to more accurately assess the subjects’ lung function. Peak flow meters are typically used for asthma patients to measure the strength of their lungs. Tests such as the spirometry and the gas diffusion provide

Lung function test is essential to monitor client’s lung function, however, since a peak flow meter or a spirometer may not be affordable for the client, the method for making a self-made spirometer could be demonstrated so as to allow the client perform lung function test, and monitor the lung function daily. And in order to facilitate a better understanding, a video will be given to the client to revise.

In the nitrogen washout method the patient is made to inhale a breath of 100 percent oxygen. The patient then exhales through a one way valve which measures the nitrogen content and volume in the expired breath. There airways only contain oxygen but the alveoli also contain nitrogen. When the patient expires the nitrogen content is monitored. A nitrogen vs expired volume curve is plotted by increasing nitrogen concentration from zero to the concentration of nitrogen within the alveoli. The concentration of nitrogen increases as the air from the dead space is expired and eventually reaches a plateau once the alveolar air starts to be exhaled. The concentration is initially zero because the patient is exhaling dead space oxygen that they just breathed in. As we know this oxygen does not take part in gaseous exchange. It then increases as the air in the dead space mixes with that of the alveoli. The anatomical dead space can be obtained from this curve by drawing a vertical line down the curve so that the area to the left of the line is equal to that of the area to right of the line. The

Introduction Breathing is and always had been an automatic concept our brain does for our bodies. Inhaling and exhaling air from the atmosphere around humans. Humans have always been aware of breathing but rarely paid attention to on a typical day. However when aerobic and anaerobic exercise has been taken place, it is important to control the breathing because it can lower the blood pressure and have effects on the cardiovascular modulation. A study shows that slow breathing during training can effectively increase the baroreflex efficiency1.

Results obtained from the experiment were consistent with the hypothesis and expected values. The alternative hypothesis is accepted. Manipulated ventilation patterns altered the alveolar gas compositions. Alveolar partial pressure of O2 and CO2 baseline values of normal breathing was recorded as 108.06mmHg and 42.51mmHg respectively.

Once at the heart, the blood enters through the left atrium and is pushed to the left ventricle before being pushed out of the aorta to circulate throughout the body. After the oxygenated blood has reached the organs and tissues it is moved through the capillaries into veins where it travels back towards the heart where it enters the right atrium then gets pushed through the right ventricle then pulmonary artery where the blood will reach the lungs to be oxygenated once again. This process of blood traveling throughout the body is known as the Circulatory system. The role of the respiratory system in the beep test is too inspire oxygen for the blood to use and expire the carbon dioxide from the blood and the air. The role of the Circulatory system is to distribute the oxygenated blood around the body for the tissues and organs to use so the body can perform, then transport the deoxygenated blood back to the heart to be pumped back to the

The patient is instructed to take in as big a breath as possible, to seal his or her lips around the mouthpiece of the spirometer and to blow the air out as fast and as fully as possible. This must be done with full effort and reproducibility. (Arnold D.H., Gebretsadik T., Minton P.A., et al.; 2007)