Linearity Graph Of Lamivudine

From the vial labeled “AE,” aspirin (0.533 g) was placed into a 50 mL Erlenmeyer flask with a boiling stick. Toluene (20 mL) was brought to a boil on a hot plate. The boiling toluene (10 mL) was then added to the aspirin until the solid dissolved completely. After allowing the solution to reach room temperature, the solution was placed in an ice bath for 16 minutes. After the crystals

Ever wonder about the chemical makeup of tablets that people take for pain relief? Before a tablet can be successfully made, the limiting and excess reactants must be considered. The limiting reactant will affect the amount of the product that can be made. Another reason why the starting reactants must be determined carefully is to make reduce the amount of the reactant in excess so that reactants are not wasted. This experiment uses an Alka-Seltzer tablet. Alka-Seltzer dissolves in water and is an antacid and a pain reliever1. The Alka-Seltzer tablet has many uses such as relief of headaches, ingestion, heart burns, or even upset stomachs2. The active ingredients in an Alka-Seltzer tablet is aspirin, also known as acetyl-salicylic acid (C8H12O4), citric acid (C6H8O7), and sodium bicarbonate (NaHCO3)2. The aspirin in the Alka-Seltzer tablet helps with pain relief. Because of the acid-base chemistry (Brønsted-Lowry), citric acid and sodium bicarbonate produce O2, which makes the tablet fizz when it is dropped in liquid. The Brønsted-Lowry theory shows how the Brønsted-Lowry acid donates a hydrogen ion while the Brønsted-Lowry base accepts the hydrogen ions3. The remaining NaHCO3 that is in excess post reaction with the citric acid is what is used to neutralize stomach acid which helps relief heart burn2. The problem in

The purpose of this investigation is to discover the effect of pH on the activity of catalase, an enzyme which plays the integral role of converting hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen, and discover which pH level it will work at the most efficient rate (the optimum). The original hypothesis states that that the optimum would be at a pH is 7, due to the liver, where catalase usually resides, being neutral. The experiment consists of introducing the catalase to hydrogen peroxide, after exposure to certain solutions; hydrogen peroxide, water and hydrochloric acids, all containing the adjusted pH, and measuring the height of froth formed, an observable representation of the activity of the enzyme. The final data indicated that

This lab was not repeated to examine for consistent results, which may result in data where precision and accuracy are compromised. In this investigation,

In this experiment, several analgesics were analyzed by Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) and the composition of an unknown tablet was identified. We define chromatography as the separation of two or more compounds or ions by their molecular interactions by either a moving or a stationary phase.1 There are different types of chromatography: Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), Gas Liquid Chromatography (GC), and Column Chromatography (CC). All of which there two phases:

Please call the Nuclear Medicine department at 206-598-4240 if you have any questions about how certain drugs will affect this test.

3. The spectrophotometer was set at 420nm. Distilled water was also used as the ‘blank’.

The success of this process is predetermined in part by the livers’ ability to properly convert the drug into a less lipophilic form that cannot be reabsorbed. For alprazolam, the course of elimination relies heavily on the kidneys. Age related renal function must thereby be considered when administering alprazolam. The kidneys are responsible for removing the unbound drug in the plasma by glomerular filtration, proximal tubular secretion, and distal tubular reabsorption. The glomerular filtration rate (GFR) is roughly 20% of the renal plasma flow (Harvey, 2014). Drugs that exclusively rely on the kidneys for elimination can accumulate and have toxic effects with renal impairment. In older adults there is a progressive decline in GFR of 10% per decade following age 50 (Breenan, 2015). This change is age related, however like those with renal disease or injury, close monitoring and dosing adjustments must be carefully

Running the chloroform extracts and diluted sample together with two positive controls and a negative control on a single chromatographic plate simultaneously, the retention factor(Rf) of five different samples were determined. The RF value of the chloroform extract(0.75) tallied with that of the codeine positive control and that of diluted sample(1.00) with the paracetamol positive control.

A simple, rapid, sensitive and effective reverse phase ultra performance liquid chromatographic method (RP-UPLC) has been developed and validated an assay for simultaneous quantification of Lamivudine, Abacavir and Dolutegravir in pure and tablet dosage forms. Chromatographic separation was performed by using Waters- Alliance UPLC system equipped with autosampler, PDA detector, zodiac sil RP C18 (4.6×250mm 3.0µm) column, phosphate buffer (pH 3.0) and methanol in the ratio of 30:70 v/v have been delivered at a flow rate of 0.25 mL/min and the detection was carried out using a UV detector at a wavelength 260nm at ambient column temperature. The mobile phase is used as diluent. The retention time (Rt) for Lamivudine, Abacavir and Dolutegravir

The stock solutions were prepared using acetone, sodium nitroprusside and vanillin having 100 ppm as the fixed concentration. From the stock solutions, dilutions have been performed to obtain the different concentrations necessary to assert the detection limit of the test when using either sodium nitroprusside or vanillin. For acetone,

It is also known to cause drug interaction in dose dependence manner, single and multiple dose of 30mg did not affect the elimination or area under the curve (AUC) of diazepam 10mg, tolbutamide 1000mg or chlorothiazide 500mg, or of secobarbitone (secobarbital) 150mg, but 60mg prolonged the elimination of diazepam, but physiological responses to diazepam were unaffected (3). Also, fluoxetine might have enhanced the toxic effects of other drugs, such as, cocaine because of its weak pro-arrhythmogenic properties (10). Therefore, the concentration of fluoxetine and norfluoxetine is important.

All chemical compounds were from analytical grade. 4-aminopyridine (4-AP) & urethane were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich, product of China; SB-334867 from Tocris Bioscience Co, UK; dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) from Applichem Gmbh, Germany; Ketamine 10% and Xylazine 2% from Alfasan Co, Holland and diazepam from Caspian Tamin pharmaceutical Co. Rasht, Iran. Diazepam and 4-AP (fresh preparation) were diluted in saline. SB-334867 was dissolved in DMSO at final concentration of 4mM; aliquots of SB-334867 were kept in -20° C until use

In the article, “A simple and cost-effective HPLC-UV method for the detection of levetiracetam in plasma/serum of patients with epilepsy,” by Engelbrecht, Grobler and Rheeders, the concentration of levetiracetam was determined using HPLC with a diode array detector. Levetiracetam is a common treatment for epilepsy. Patients have to go through regular blood tests to ensure the drug is working to optimal efficiency and is not taken in toxic levels. For the experiment, the researchers used and Agilent 1200 HPLC with a degasser, binary pump, thermostatic oven and diode-array detector with varying wavelengths. The column used was a Venusil XBP C18, 250 x 4.6 mm, and 5 µm particle size. The column was protected by a guard precolumn with a graphite filter. The flow rate of the mobile phase was 1 mL/min. The mobile

Many successful methods to measure the degree of plasma protein binding of drugs have been derived. All these method work by physically separating the unbound drug from the bound drug and calculating the relative fractions.