Link Between Autism And Noonan Syndrome

1.2 - Analyse the main diagnostic features of autistic spectrum conditions commonly known as the and amp;quot;triad of impairments and amp;quot;

The Wechsler Adult Intelligence has a fairly high consistency and has a well-established scale. The test-retest reliabilities ranged from a score of 0.70 all the way to a 0.92 over a two to twelve-week period. The coefficients were very high being well over 0.90. There were three target instruments, they are psychoeducational disability, neuropsychiatric and organic dysfunction and giftedness, this was in accordance to the test manual. The WAIS connected highly with the Stanford-Binet IV test and had high concordance with numerous measures: memory, language, dexterity, motor speed, attention, and cognitive ability (Alley, 2007).

The first review of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition was authored by KORESSA KUTSICK MALCOLM, School Psychologist, The Virginia School for the Deaf and Blind, Staunton, VA. The second edition of the Childhood Autism Rating Scale was developed for use a wider array of health care professionals as well as to establish general characteristics of children with autism who exhibit higher intellectual ability. They also made slight changes to the format of the rating book. The test comes in three forms; The Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition–Standard Version, the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second Edition–High-Functioning Version and the Childhood Autism Rating Scale, Second

Not only do clinicians need to work with other professionals, but they also need to be aware of the other comorbidities that may be present in Noonan Syndrome. Many studies listed other cognitive functions that may be impacted by NS, and depending on the nature of the function, it could have a negative impact on language and speech. “Identification of attention problems and other psychiatric comorbidities will be an important element in developing appropriate educational and treatment goals to benefit individuals with Noonan syndrome” (Pierpont et al., 2014, p.391). Since some links have been made between Noonan Syndrome and delays in attention skills, it is important to keep in mind these associated risks and their implication on language

The Wechsler Intelligence Scale for Children, Fifth Edition (WISC-V) is an individually administered intelligence test for children ages 6-16 that provides a measure of a child’s overall cognitive ability and patterns of cognitive strengths and weaknesses. The WISC-V comprises is comprised of five fundamental indexes: Visual Spatial, Verbal Comprehension, Working Memory, Processing Speed, and Fluid Reasoning. These are five index scores are combined in order to obtain the Full Scale Intelligence Quotient (FSIQ). There are additionally five ancillary indexes: Auditory Working Memory, Quantitative Reasoning, Cognitive Proficiency, General Ability, Nonverbal, and three other complementary indexes, which include Storage and Retrieval, Symbol Translation, and Naming Speed.

Kathleen, great post. Autism is very different in every individual. My little cousin does not like to socialize with other individuals, but other autistic kids in his class socializing with others. Also, he loves "bear hugs," which is very tight hugs, but some do not like to be touched. Each individual has different aspects that they like and dislike. So, therefore, autism can look different in many cases.

Autism is a very complicated and though brain disorder that is been discussed in this handout.it was discovered in 1943 by Leo Kanner, who announced his discovery of eleven cases of a new mental disorder. This is a genetic disorder found mostly in young persons. Studies have come out with some result after MRI examinations, which show the affection of different part of the brain. Treatments and some precautions taken so far are cited in this essay. Autism is very complex, it affects people in different ways and very difficult to diagnose and treat. That is the reason why scientists still working and researching on it. There are follow up studies that describe autism in adolescents and adult and residual impairment in everyday life. Description

Autism is a developmental disorder which usually occurs during infancy (Hyman, 2002:217). Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is an umbrella term used to refer to many disorders which display symptoms of an autistic style. The spectrum covers all types of symptoms ranging from mild to severe (Hollander, 2003:102). Individuals in the spectrum can range from having severe learning disabilities to being mildly impaired (Nimh.nih.gov, 2014). The linguistic skills can also vary from being mute to having the ability to communicate complex sentences (ibid). The different profiles of the sufferers are diverse (Hyman, 2002:217). However, there are three main areas of which they may have difficulties. These are social reciprocity, an inability to communicate effectively and unusual repetitive or restricted behaviour (Davey, 2014:586) this is known as the ‘triad of impairments’ (Dodd, 2005:2). This essay will explain the triad of impairments related to ASD to describe the main features of the disorder. In addition, it will evaluate the biological evidence by investigating the research for genetic factors and brain abnormalities, both of which support a biological basis for ASD (Davey, 2014:588).

These are both standardized measures of verbal and non-verbal IQ, and demographic information. To participate in the study, there were requirements that had to be met by the children. In order to be eligible to participate the children must be born in westernized countries, lived in the United States or Canada from birth to age 3, received immunizations that were in records, and the children must be at least 4 years old and no more than 15 years of age at the time of the regression interview. The final step to see if the children were eligible was to have complete ADI-R and ADOS scores, as well as verbal and non-verbal IQ scores from within the last 5 years. There was also diagnostic criteria that needed to be met by all participants. “Children must have received a best estimate diagnosis of autism, PDD-NOS or Asperger syndrome from a site clinician and met criteria for ASD on the ADOS and/or the ADI-R.”(2) Children were excluded if they had Rett syndrome, CDD, and/or genetic disorders (tuberous sclerosis and Fragile X syndrome). Children with hearing, visual, or motor impairments were also rejected from the study. (2)

studied are The Childhood Autism Rating Scale (CARS) and Autism Behavior Checklist (ABC). When studied to evaluate effectiveness according to the DSM diagnostic criteria, the so-called autistic triad, it was found that the CARS was effective with one hundred percent of the criteria, while the ABC was only fifty four percent accurate. It is thought that a child from a minority will naturally have affective disorder, due to cultural differences (Rellini, Tortolani, Trillo, Carbone, & Montecchi,2004).

Lewis M. Terman, a psychologist at Stanford University, revised it. The fifth edition was released in 2003. The cognitive ability and intelligence test was used to determine whether a child had developmental or intellectual deficiencies in young children. The test consists of five weighted factors and both verbal and nonverbal subtests. The factors that were tested were for knowledge, quantitative reasoning, visual-spatial processing, working memory, and fluid reasoning. The score scale has a total of nine classifications that are used. The test now ranges from moderately impaired or delayed (being the lowest score) to very gifted or highly advanced (being the highest score). The test now allows higher age groups to be apart of the test and before it was only used for a specific age group. The test determines the intellectual capabilities of young children all the way to young adults. The revised test has different limitations also because it is criticized that they are unable to compare the tests since they administer a different set of tests to individuals depending on the age of the participant. Also, it is known that young children usually do not do well on tests because they lack the concentration to finish this test. The test is available for you to take online on

Autism was first described in U.S. and European medical journals in the 1940’s but was thought to be a very rare condition. It is now known that the condition is much more prevalent than initially thought and is the second most common developmental disability in the United States (Newschaffer, Croen, Daniels, Giarelli, and Grether, 2007). Autism is not a disease but rather a syndrome with both genetic and non-genetic causes. It is classified by the impairment of 3 behavioral domains: the first is social interactions, second is language and communication, and the last is range of interest and activities (Muhle, Trentacoste, Rapin, 2004). There is no biological test to truly diagnose the disorder, so professionals must rely on a number of criteria

This is an individually administered clinical instrument for assessing the intellectual ability of children and adults. The WJ IV COG provides a composite score that represents general intellectual ability, which is a type of IQ. This test of intelligence has a mean (i.e., average score) of 100 and a standard deviation (i.e., measure of variance) of 15. Seven tests are given which broadly tap into different types of cognitive abilities, and each test contributes to the

With an array of assessments available, language sampling has proven to be an effective tool that speech-language pathologists can utilize to assess children’s language development (Miller, 1996). Language sample analysis (LSA) allows clinicians to assess the linguistic behavior of children, examining morphology, phonology, syntax, semantics, and pragmatics in order to make comparisons to typical language development (Tommerdahl & Kilpatrick, 2014; Miller, 1996; Mok & Kipka, 2009). Despite its efficiency, a survey completed by speech-language pathologists (SLPs), 79% reported LSA as too laborious (Kemp & Klee, 1997). These numbers may represent a large number of SLPs who lack the training and experience to use LSA as a supplemental diagnostic

Both autism and autism spectrum disorder are general germs for a group of complex disorders of brain development. These disorders are usually characterized by various degrees of difficulties in verbal and non-verbal communication, social interaction, and repetitive behaviors. Autism is associated with difficulties in motor coordination and attention, intellectual disability, and physical health issues which include gastrointestinal and sleep disturbances. However, some individuals with autism spectrum disorder may excel in music, art, math, or visual skills. The causes of autism appear to have roots in the early development of the brain, although its most obvious signs tend to appear between the ages of 2 and 3 years old. Studies have