Link Between Smoking and the Ocurrence of Cardiovascular Diseases

Regardless of consumer belief, smoking dramatically increases the chances of contracting many diseases - such as heart disease or high blood pressure. Although not every user experiences these diseases, it is well known that smoking can decrease one’s life time dramatically. The information given states, “It’s virtually impossible to escape the effects of tobacco” (Jordan). This stated, Jordan expresses that essentially if you use tobacco, there is a fairly high chance that one will damage his/her body in some way. Furthermore, there are many more diseases that can be contracted and the ones stated are only the most common. Continuing, the author explains the affects of smoking, “Expose to specific elements of secondhand smoke causes blood clot more easily and damages arterial lining” (Jordan). As stated, certain components in tobacco increase the chances of high blood pressure and blood clots to form in the body. Concluding, respiratory problems in young children can occur through second hand smoking, these include asthma. Children that asthma effect increases from smoke, “Asthma turns out to be about twice as common in children exposed to high levels of second hand smoke” (Secondhand Smoke: Is it a Hazard). Not only does tobacco smoke increase other diseases, it also increases the severity of diseases already contracted as shown in the previous quote. To conclude, tobacco smoke

Age is important as the target for reduction in mortality from CHD, stroke and related disorders of 40% of the year 2010, established in Saving Lives: Our Healthier Nation (DoH 1999), referred to the under 75 age group. The key areas identified for intervention in the national service framework are: reducing smoking, promoting healthy eating, promoting physical activity and reducing obesity, although several other factors are known to contribute to the development of CHD. Smoking has long been known to be a factor in the development of CHD. According to Smeltzer and Bare (2000), smoking decreases blood flow to the extremities and increases heart rate and pressure via stimulation of the sympathetic nervous system, causing vasoconstriction. In addition, it raises the chances of clot formation by increasing the aggregation of platelets. Campbell (2006) suggests that the toxic components of cigarette smoke damage the endothelial lining of the blood vessels, which may initiate the development of atherosclerosis. Because carbon dioxide from the cigarette burns readily with haemoglobin, it deprives oxygen of

Chronic diseases are multi-causal and complex diseases; no single factor is responsible for its causes (WHO, 2015). Poor lifestyle behaviors like poor diet, physical inactivity, excessive alcohol and tobacco use are significant contributors in the development and progression of chronic diseases (Steyn, K., & Damasceno, A., 2006; Golubic, M., 2013). The continuity of these poor lifestyle behaviors throughout a person life can give rise to various chronic conditions such as high blood pressure, high blood sugar, high cholesterol, overweight, obesity. These chronic conditions if not treated and managed at time can lead to chronic diseases (Golubic, M., 2013).The amounts of evidence have shown that tobacco use in any form such as cigarrate smoking and chewing tobacco is associated with increase in the rates of hospitalization, complications, and mortality due to lung cancer (71%), chronic respiratory diseases (42%), heart diseases (10%), and various other types of cancers such as lip cancer, cancer of oral cavity, pharynx, larynx, esophagus, pancreas, lungs, uterus, cervix, bladder, and kidney cancer (Boffetta, P., & Straif, K., 200 9; Lind et al., 2010).

In the community assessment of San Fernando valley part, A, it was mentioned that there are many chronic illnesses such as heart disease, asthma, diabetes and obesity that are caused by poor health management, high cost of healthcare and inadequate knowledge of the disease. One factor that could cause these chronic diseases is the Tobacco usage among adults. According to Centers for Diseases Control and Prevention (CDC) (2017), Smoking may cause cancer, heart disease, stroke, lung disease, diabetes and COPD which includes emphysema and chronic bronchitis.

Studies showed that tobacco is not a very good friend for lungs. With continuous smoking and inhalation of tobacco, our lungs and hearts get corroded; we become susceptible to many chronic lung diseases. Further, researches have proved that more than

Smoking is responsible for 90% of lung cancer cases and is a risk factor for coronary disease, Alzheimer’s, abdominal aortic aneurysm, cataracts, and GERD (gastroesophageal reflux disease). Not smoking is one of the American Heart Association’s “Simple Seven” healthy behaviors. Research has identified nine lifestyle habits—including not smoking—that collectively may be more effective than taking medications: for example, lifestyle can reduce cardiovascular disease risk by 90%, compared to a 20-30% reduced risk from pharmacological therapies . Smoking used to be the #1 cause of death in the U.S., but diet has bumped smoking to #2. Some unhealthy foods expose the body to the same dangers as smoking. Cigarette smoke contains nitrosamines, a class

Smoking is established as a recognized cause of cancer, lung disease, coronary heart disease, and stroke(US Public Health Service,1964,Doll R 1976,1994, US Department of Health and Human Services,1989).it is considered to be the single most important avoidable cause of premature morbidity and mortality in the world. WHO has estimated that there are about 1100 million smokers worldwide; this represents about one-third of the global population aged over 15 years (WHO,1997). About 73% of these smokers (700 million males, 100 million females) are in developing countries; in industrialized countries there are 200 million male smokers and 100 million female smokers. In the over 15-year-old population of developing countries, it is estimated that about 48% of males and 7% of females are smokers. The corresponding figures for industrialized countries are 42% for males and 24% for females (WHO,1997).

systemic and ocular vascular diseases is cigarette smoking1. It is known that smoking is especially associated with

Briffa, Greenhalgh & Winstanley (2015) summarise how cigarette smoking contributes to CVD. Nicotine and carbon monoxide produced from the smoke circulate in the bloodstream and disallow the endothelium (inner layer of arterial wall) to function normally. In turn, this causes atherosclerotic lesions- collections of cholesterol, fat and other compounds, which narrow the arteries and limit the flow of blood around the body. It therefore reduces oxygen delivery, increases blood pressure and places stress on the heart muscle. Passive, or second-hand smoking

Smoking is very addictive and leads to many health problems, such as cancers and respiratory illnesses. “Tobacco use is associated

Smoking, also, is a major cause for heart disease which may lead to heart attack. About 20% of all deaths from heart disease in the United States are related to smoking. The risk of heart disease increases when the person smokes more cigarettes; for example, people who smoke a pack of cigarettes a day have more than twice the chance of getting heart disease than people who do not smoke. Moreover, women who take birth control pills and smoke at the same time have several times more chance of getting heart disease. Smoking causes heart disease in a way similar to what happens in a stroke. It makes the blood pressure higher and speeds up the heart rate which damage the walls of the blood vessels. This, in turn, causes the production of more

Smoking causes heart illness, stroke, among many other cardiac related diseases. Regular smoking can constrict the walls of the arteries, especially the main vessels leading to Atherosclerosis.

Smoking creates toxins in the blood. This greatly contributes to the development of atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis is a condition in which fatty material is deposited along the walls of the arteries. This fatty material thickens, hardens, and can eventually block the arteries if not treated. Clots may also form around the plaque deposits. Smoking raises the levels of proteins that cause the blood to clot and also increases platelet production, making the blood stickier which further creates risk for clots. This also interferes with the blood flow and poses an added danger if they were to break off and travel through the body causeing assorted health problems such as heart attack, stroke, or gangrene.

Smoking via a cigarette is a preventable habit that people develop when they become stressed, feel the need for social acceptance or wanting a satisfaction release of hormones. Cigarettes contain nicotine; a highly addictive group of chemicals that when inhaled spread through the body via the lymphatic system. Smoking has both internal and external repercussions including a depletion in oxygen levels and gangrene respectively. Smoking has been directly related to many types of cancers and ailments including cardiovascular disease (CVD). CVD relates to damage of the heart including heart failure, stroke and the build-up of plaque in the arteries.

Smoking is an extraordinarily significant cause of untimely death and disability since the 1950’s, and more than 70,000 articles are able to support it. For several decades where cigarette smoking has been common in