Lipid Medication Therapy: A Case Study

The method and purpose presented in this article was to estimate the prevalence of overweight and obese men and women in Spain and then associate those findings with cardiovascular risks. The study was done with measurements using the body mass index, waist circumference, and waist to height ratio in order to determine any cardiovascular risks that can associate with being overweight or obese. The 28,743 men and women involved in this study were between the ages of 35 to 74 years old. The study population was pooled analysis of data from eleven population based studies that were given in ten geographical areas in Spain. The results found that for both men and women, the general obesity was 28% and hypertension showed the strongest correlation with the individuals who were overweight. Overall obesity in the study population in Spain was high and data equal to over greater than 0.5 in the categories of overweight, suboptimal waist circumference, abdominal obesity and waist to height ratio was all highly correlated with having diabetes, hypertension, hypercholesterolemia and coronary risk. The relevance of this study to the overall topic of cardiovascular disease in women is that this shows the ratios of overweight and obese personas in Spain and how cardiovascular diseases effects

care outcomes, as well as benchmark data to assess current practice,” (Sherwood, 2014). American Nurses Association has a National Database of Nursing Quality Indicators looks for a cause for common healthcare issues, such as “surgical site infections, pain assessment, pressure ulcer development, and falls,” (Sherwood, 2014) to better understand how these things came about to possibly prevent in the future.

1. Comprehensive Nursing Care, Revised 2nd Edition. (2012). Ramont, Reberta P.; Niedringhaus, Dolores M.; Towle, Mary A.

Dairy should not be a primary food group on the dietary guidelines set by the government because of its many negative effects on human health (given that people care about their health and the health of those around them). Dairy and other animal products are the only food sources which contain cholesterol. Arguments have been made saying that humans need to consume cholesterol in order to have a healthy balance of fats; these arguments fail to acknowledge that our bodies naturally produce all the cholesterol that it needs. And many studies have been conducted to support the theory that consumption of dietary cholesterol overloads arteries and can cause heart disease, artery disease, as well as sudden heart attacks. The Department of Community Health and Preventative Medicine at Northwestern University Medical School worked to interpret an international study based on data from the Food and Agriculture Organization and the World Health Organization. The overall conclusion was that “…dietary cholesterol levels are consistently related to CHD (coronary heart disease) mortality rates” (Stamler). A study conducted by Lena Ohlsson at the Laboratory of Gastroenterology and Nutrition within the prestigious Lund University in Sweden also linked dietary cholesterol and milk fat with artery disease and other metabolic disorders. In short, the abstract of her lab report said that low-density lipoprotein (LDL)—“bad” cholesterol—was found to be directly associated with coronary artery

In 1999, expert surgical nurse authors at the Association of periOperative Registered Nurses (AORN) developed a comprehensive curriculum to assist in the education and transition of nurses entering perioperative clinical specialty for the first time (Beyea, 2002). In 2007, Periop 101: A Core Curriculum (AORN, n.d.) was created which moved the instructor-based program into an online format of modules designed to assist with mastering core perioperative competencies. The program provides instruction with videos, assigned readings, and quizzes at the end of each module. The learning focuses on patient safety and the program is best utilized when combined with preceptorships and skills labs.

Hinkle, J., Cheever, K., & Kerry, H. (2014). Medical surgical Nursing. Philadelphia, PA: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

Cardiovascular disease has gained a global attention due to the overwhelming number of cases reported annually. Stakeholders from various health monitoring agencies, health care providers, and government agencies have come together to tackle the disease, and reduce morbidity and mortality. Organizations such as the Million Hearts Initiative, the American Heart Association (AHA) 2020 Goals, and the Healthy People 2020 goals have established public health objectives aimed at targeting cardiovascular risk factors, and improving the outcome of the disease (Sidney, Rosamond, Howard & Luepker, 2013). The aspirations of the AHA 2020 objectives are to enhance the cardiovascular well-being of all Americans by 20%, as well as decrease related deaths from cardiovascular diseases and stroke by 20% (Sidney et al., 2013). Statistical analysis of the predominance of cardiovascular health risk factors among Americans is overwhelming and therefore needs immediate action. According to Go et al. (2013), about 31.9 million adults 20 years or older have total serum cholesterol levels greater than or equals to 240 mg/dL. According to a statistical data recorded between 2007 to 2010, 33% of United States adults aged 20 years of age or older are hypertensive, that is about 78 million US adults, and 44% globally (Go et al., 2013). In 2010, an overwhelming 19.7 million people in the United States were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus, in addition to 8.2 million unconfirmed cases, and 38.2% people

While it is beneficial to acknowledge the connection between cholesterol and heart health, it is equally critical to take into account their general contexts and ponder the countless

Lewis, S., Dirksen, S., Heitkemper, M., Bucher, L. (2014). Medical-Surgical Nursing: Assessment and Management of Clinical Problems, 9th Edition. [VitalSource Bookshelf Online]. Retrieved from https://pageburstls.elsevier.com/#/books/9780323086783/pages 1525-1527

The baseline study of the elderly study sample are as shown in the given table. It can be observed that three-fifths of the total sample were composed of women, and also an expression of the high prevalence of diabetes, antihypertensive treatment, and CVD are evident.

When it comes to gender, most of the patients were females. This female predominance in the study was in consistent with other studies (Kretschmer et al., 2010; Jarab

Since this study used self-report measurements to collect data this study might be prone to recall bias. Also, the participants of this study were all current patients of the diabetes education center and thus the data does not reflect all the people who may have diabetes. Additionally, this was a cross-sectional which means that differences observed by sex was only at a given point in time.

The predominant cause of metabolic syndrome is closely associated with obesity, unhealthy diet and lack of physical activity. Other factors such as age, genetics and the use of tobacco, all may impact metabolic syndrome. (2) Additionally, studies have shown gender differences in the prevalence of metabolic syndrome, in which women have a higher prevalence than men. Thus, there are some metabolic risk

The presence of acute coronary syndrome in some patients served to increase lipid output, making it difficult to clearly determine lipid disorders in some patients. This is an issue of concern because high lipid levels are a hallmark for the diagnosis of metabolic syndrome.

Dempsey, M. F. a. J. (2014). Textbook of Medical-Surgical Nursing (K. Enkelaar Ed.): Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.