Lipid Profile Essay

In a study conducted in 1985 observing primates, it was determined that the major effect of dietary cholesterol is its LDL raising effects. High intakes of cholesterol increase the number of circulating LDL’s and it can also change its size and composition. [12] It was during this time period that the mechanisms by which SFA are thought to increase blood cholesterol concentrations came about. One mechanism for the increase in LDL cholesterol levels is the suppression of LDL receptor activity. Studies in tissue cultures have shown that increasing the cholesterol content of a cell will down-regulate synthesis of LDL receptors. [13] This will lead to an increase in concentration of blood cholesterol. Another cause for an increase in blood cholesterol concentration through intake of dietary SFA is the composition of the newly secreted lipoproteins. With a high saturated fat intake, the LDL’s become rich in cholesterol esters, leaving the triglycerides in the blood. [14] The use of non-human primates in

Very low carbohydrate diets or ketosis diets have become increasingly popular for weight loss. There is evidence from individual trials about the benefits and risks of a low carbohydrate diet verses a fat-restricted diet (2).The objective of this paper is to discover whether low carbohydrate diets have more beneficial health related solutions verses a fat-restricted diet. In one study, a traditional low-fat diet was compared to a low carbohydrate diet amongst people who have type two diabetes. The results show that only a low carbohydrate diet provided significant improvement of the inflammatory state and type two diabetes. In another study,Evidence supports a low carbohydrate diet for weight loss and improvement in traditional cardiovascular disease. The effects of a low carbohydrate diet and a low-fat diet were examined for 12 months among 148 obese adults free of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. At 12 months participants of low carbohydrate diet had significantly greater increases in adiponecin than those on a low-fat diet, as resulting low carbohydrate diet had a similar or greater improvement then standard low-fat diet. In another study, 148 men and women without cardiovascular disease or diabetes were put into either low carbohydrate diet or low-fat diet. Both groups received dietary counseling regularly. Data was collected every three months. Results stated that those on low carbohydrate diet have greater decrease in weight and greater increase in HDL

Obesity and type 2 diabetes are both classified as metabolic syndrome resulted from metabolic dysregulation. Both the obese mothers and the fetuses have shown a higher serum insulin and glucose concentration, which contribute to the high insulin resistance (Catalano et al. 2009 & Boney et al. 2005). However, the high exposure to insulin during utero development encourages fat deposition in the utero to serve as an the energy substrate for the utero, suggests a positive correlation to adiposity, hence, expressing a close association between diabetes and obesity in contributing to the development

The outcomes of gestational diabetes can be studied by looking at the health of offspring of these mothers over time. In one study, intrauterine exposure to gestational diabetes mellitus was related to metabolic syndrome in children of mothers with and without GDM and with conditions such as large-for-gestational-age (LGA) and appropriate-for-gestational age (AGA) [2]. Through biochemical testing of the experimental groups of children, components of metabolic syndrome could be detected, such as obesity by BMI, blood pressure, and glucose levels [2]. It was found that, in a controlled study, the LGA/GDM group correlated to maternal obesity environments by having higher occurrence of insulin resistance, which would be expected with weight gain and exposure to diabetes [2]. This suggests that metabolic factors due to the intrauterine environment contribute to disease in later life through epigenetic changes.

Over the course of the 16-week study, participants in the structured nutrition portion of the study reduced A1C by an average of 0.67 percent and reduced their body weight by an average of 3.5 Kg, or around 7.7 pounds. According to the lead investigator of the study, Osama Hamdy,

An increased amount of lifestyle variations over the recent years has led to the prevalence of a serious health condition known as Metabolic Syndrome. The major factors associated to its increase have been associated with the altered lifestyle patterns such as dietary habits, increased amount of energy-dense foods in diet and decreased physical activities. Numerous expert panels have studied the progression of this syndrome along with other associated risk factors like obesity, insulin resistance, hypertension, chronic kidney disease and cardiovascular diseases. Majorly, impaired glucose tolerance was one determining factor observed with any one of the following other factors responsible for progression of Metabolic Syndrome, which were: elevated blood pressure, low HDL-cholesterol levels, abdominal obesity and microalbuminuria. Consequently, cardiovascular disease risk

The aim of the study was to identify the acute effects of a fasted state, high fat breakfast and high carbohydrate breakfast and which is more beneficial for fat utilization and endurance performance. The findings from this study suggest that low to moderate exercise in the morning after an overnight fast would be most beneficial for fat utilization due to the lower rates of RER when training meaning more fats are being

Along with the rise of obesity due to food portions and sedentary lifestyles come health problems and increases of health risks. Among these are High Blood Pressure, Diabetes II, having a stroke, Heart Disease, and some Cancers. Pregnant women who are overweight or obese are at an increased risk for gestational diabetes and preeclampsia, which also put the baby’s health at risk. (NIH, Dec 2012)

A low carbohydrate diet has been shown to alternate energy metabolism by causing weight loss. This occurs by there being lower levels of insulin and glucose in the fasting state which increases insulin sensitivity of tissues. When insulin sensitivity is increased fatty acids can be burnt more so leading to body fat loss. (5) In Comparision a high carbohydrate diet has an excess of insulin and therefore insulin sensitivity is lost and high

Take a look at society and the food's people eat. Are the amounts he or she consumes too much or too little? Or is the right amount of nutrients obtained daily from each’s meals. Many do not understand how important it is to manage his or her diet with the proper nutrients and portion sizes. Nutrient is a vital part of everyday functions and without it the body is more vulnerable to disease. In this paper, it will show my nutritional intake for a span of three days. In those three day, it will show the proteins, carbohydrates, and lipids that held nutritional value in my daily meals. It will also explain my macronutrients intake ranges, fiber intake range, and the importance both hold when properly maintained. Last I will discuss dietary

This report will focus on the health implications present for an individual under metabolic stress. The type of metabolic stress that will be the focus of this report is the metabolic disease of hypertension and cardio-vascular disease. Key areas that will be focused on throughout this report include, the study of an individual’s dietary intake and the body’s reserves of macro and micro nutrients, which will be related to possible health implications for this individual due to metabolic stress. Furthermore this study will then go on to discuss possible preventions/management of this nutritional disease, with the focus on biochemical process of nutrient metabolism as a source of

During pregnancy, the consumption of fats plays a key role in the development of the fetus. A dietary fat is an essential nutrient that helps the body function by providing protection, fuel and absorption for cells, tissues and organs. The fats consumed are Triglycerides and the mechanism behind this process is for lipoprotein lipase (LPL) to break the triglycerides into smaller components. They mostly contain fatty acids, cholesterol, fat-soluble vitamins and other lipids that will be delivered to target tissues for performing activities, or stored as fat if not directly used. The increased consumption of triglycerides can raise blood lipid levels such as low-density lipoprotein (LDL) that promotes the risk of developing cardiovascular

Weight gain and decrease in TAC, the catalase enzyme activity, and the antioxidants of the serum in the second group, compared to the first group can be due to high calorie regimen and the free radicals produced by the high-fat diet, that has dominated the antioxidant capacity of the serum, which are consistent with the data

Children and adolescents, exhibiting at least one of the following lipid alterations, were defined as having dyslipidemia such as elevated total cholesterol ≥170 mg/dL, low HDL-C <45 mg/dL, elevated LDL-C ≥130 mg/dL, and high triglyceride concentration ≥130 mg/dL, as established by the guidelines of prevention of atherosclerosis in

Goldstein and Brown began their work by measuring the activity of 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A reductase (HMG CoA reductase), which catalyzes the rate-limiting step in cholesterol production. Goldstein and Brown found that when normal fibroblasts were grown in serum, HMG CoA reductase activity was low. Additionally, they found that when cholesterol-carrying lipoproteins was removed from the culture medium, HMG CoA reductase activity increased by a large margin. Furthermore, they observed that HMG CoA reductase activity was suppressed when LDL was reintroduced to the medium. This inhibition of HMG CoA reductase by LDL, and the fact that low concentrations of LDL suppressed HMG CoA reductase activity, led Goldstein and Brown to believe that a receptor with high affinity for LDL was involved in the inhibition of cholesterol synthesis.