Liraglutide: Novel Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Essay

This article discusses the use of dulaglutide and sitagliptin in the management of type 2 diabetes. Dulaglutide is a recombinant GLP-1 Fc fusion protein, which acts by linking GLP-1 analog peptide and a variant of lgG4 Fc fragments in humans. As such, the analog of GLP-1 has posed effects and has shown elevated efficacies in the management of type 2 diabetes. The primary efficacy in the baseline of HbA was altered during the end of 52nd week. The objective of secondary efficacy included a change in HbA during the end of the 26th and 104th week. The percentage of patients achieved HbA targets ranged between 7.5% to 6.5% in a central laboratory and the body changed significantly. However, current treatment majorly focuses on increasing

Answer: The combination of Insulin as well as oral hyperglycaemic drugs may be prescribed for Diabetes because they help in lowering the blood glucose levels. However the primary treatment doesn’t consist of these drugs. The primary treatment comprises of Diet control, Physical activity and Weight control. If after following the primary treatment strictly, no improvement in the blood glucose level is achieved then medication is suggested for the same. Insulin helps in maintaining the blood sugar levels. Note that insulin is not to be taken orally because the acids and digestive juices in the stomach destroy it. It has to be injected under the skin only. Taking insulin leads patient to experience Hyperglycaemic condition. The Hyperglycaemic drugs helps our body to react appropriately with the insulin so that the insulin hormone is able to help transfer glucose from blood to the cells successfully.

Diabetes is a growing concern and health challenge for the American people (b). Diabetes is a condition in which the body cannot react to insulin appropriately or either cannot produce insulin efficiently (w). “Without a properly functioning insulin signaling system, blood glucose levels become elevated and other metabolic abnormalities occur, leading to the development of serious, disabling complications” (w). There are numerous forms of diabetes amongst the nation, however, there are three main forms of diabetes. Most people have heard of type one diabetes, type two diabetes, and gestational diabetes because they are common. Type two diabetes deals with a resistance to insulin, while

Glyburide is another generic medication used in the management of diabetes mellitus type 2. Two trade names of this drug are DiaBeta and Glynase. The chemical name is 1-[ [p-[2-(5-chloro-o-anisamido) ethyl]phenyl]-sulfonyl]-3-cyclohexylurea. Doses up to 0.75-12 mg/day can be given as a single dose or divided doses. The circulation of the glyburide is that protein binding is extensive and half-life is 10 hours. It is excreted through the renal and biliary system. Glyburide acts as an oral blood glucose lowering drug. The drugs uses include binding and activating the sulfonylurea receptor 1, which causes depolarization. This results in an increase in intracellular calcium in the cells and stimulation of insulin release. Major drug interactions are noted between glyburide and

Diabetes is a growing but preventable health concern in the United States.1 It is a problem in the body where blood glucose levels rise higher than normal.1 According to the facts released by the American Diabetes Association in 2013, 25.8 million Americans (8.3%) have diabetes 2 and approximately 90% of all cases of diabetes worldwide are considered type 2 diabetes.3 Type 2 diabetes is a progressive disease where the body cannot use insulin properly and the patient ends up using an oral hypoglycemic agent.1 One of the many classes of medications to help manage diabetes is sulfonylureas, including glyburide and glipizide. These drugs close K-ATP channels on Beta cell membranes and cause the pancreas to release more insulin to lower blood sugar.4 Both glipizide and glyburide are metabolized in the liver5, have high protein binding5, and can decrease hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) up to 1%-2%.6 According to the Health Insurance Association of America, health insurance is defined as "coverage that provides for the payments of benefits as a result of sickness or injury".7 Insurance companies always strive to achieve their target glycemic goal via the most effective and cost effective therapeutic strategy.8 A literature search was conducted to find data on the benefits of converting patients from glyburide to glipizide to find out why insurance prefers the switch.

Diabetes mellitus type 2, hemoglobin A1c has improved. As noted above, her creatinine did go up to high of 1.5. We did hold the dose of her metformin and when her creatinine did get better, we did decide to decrease the dose to 500 mg b.i.d., given that her hemoglobin A1c was excellent at 6.0. I think we are safe to do this. I would rather have her hemoglobin A1c be higher given her renal insufficiency.

Metformin is a diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels in people with type II diabetes. You will take this pill two times a day in the morning and at night to improve blood sugar control. Remember to drink a full 8-ounce glass of water when taking this medication to assure proper hydration. Your kidney health will be monitored while you take this medication.

The mainstay of type 2 diabetes medication is Metformin due to the cost, safety of the medication and limitied side effects. Metformin reduces glucose levels through two pathways; it reduces hepatic glucose production and increases the insulin tissue sensitivity. Monotherapy is normal for this medication; however, it can be utilized in combination with other medications. Metformin used in conjunction with Sodium glucose cotransporter provides a greater control over the level of glucose in the body due to the reduction of glucose production, increase in sensitivity, reduction of reabsorption of glucose and the excretion of glucose through the kidneys, basically the glucose control is through 4 different pathways making it a synergetic effect on diabetes type 2. According to Inzucchi et al.(2016), the combination of these medications helped patients reduce their overall A1c (0.5-1.0), lose weight (2kg) and a reduction in their blood

The individual used in this paper was a 56-year-old female that is pre-diabetic but is on the verge of having type 2 diabetes. The individual has been dealing with diabetes for the last 4 years. She stated that she was placed on Metformin 3 years ago to help control blood glucose levels. The individual states that she did not take her Metformin like she was suppose to and was having trouble keeping her A1C down. She stated that her primary care physician recommended she tried to control her blood glucose through diet and exercise and if she was able to do this she would be able to get of the Metformin.

But there is a remission process that can change many thing. Complete remission is one year or more of a normal A1C level without using medication. Even though your blood sugar goes into remission, you will still be tested for high blood sugar, high blood pressure, high cholesterol, kidney, eye problems and often times foot checks for any open or unhealed sores (Mayo Clinic). Prolonged remission is five years or more of normal A1C levels without taking any diabetic medications (Mayo Clinic). Lab test can often tell the remission process and enzyme levels. The routine check will still occur in the prolonged remission stage also. Remission is only known to be in the early stages of being a

In order to examine whether metformin use affects the glycemic control of people undergoing exercise therapy, Boule et al (2013) conducted a supervised Diabetes Aerobic and Resistance Exercise (DARE) trial. A total of 258 type II diabetic adults between 39 and 70 years of age were eligible to participate in the trial. Based on age and sex, 251 subjects who completed a four-week exercise trial were randomly assigned to four groups: aerobic, resistance, aerobic and resistance, and control. The exercise trial was conducted for six months and metformin use was assessed three times during the trial. Throughout the study, 143 subjects reported using metformin, 82 reported not using metformin and 26 were inconsistent with their metformin use. The results were obtained by measuring HbA1c, which showed that metformin did not have a significant impact on HbA1c resulting from the exercise trial (Boule et al., 2013).

Medications used to control type I diabetes is Insulin, which is a hormone that helps

Considerable advances in the past treatment of type II diabetes include the application of lifestyle intervention and prevention efforts aimed at delaying development of glucose intolerance in order to evade diabetes and the progression of new curricula of glucose in the blood-lowering prescriptions to appendage current treatments (DeFronzo, 2010) (Mazzola, 2012). Presently, the control and maintenance of type II diabetes centres on control of glucose by the decrease of haemoglobin and glucose in the blood (DeFronzo, 2010). Current treatment strategies focus on the progression of therapeutic factors that affect the defects contributing to type II diabetes and thus, provide sustainable glucose control through a delaying of disease development

Prescription drugs are a major life factor to both young and old in our society. The vast variety of drugs used to treat many medical conditions is endless. Firstly, glyburide (Diabeta) is an oral diabetes medicine that helps control blood sugar levels. Diabeta is the trade name for glyburide; similarly glyburide is the generic name for Diabeta. Glyburide (Diabeta) is of the sulfonylurea class (hypoglycemic agents) which treats type two diabetes (Sorrentino, 2013). Because of glyburide medications, the pancreas releases more insulin into the blood stream. In type two diabetes, the body is unable to store excess sugar, and therefore, this sugar remains in the bloodstream (Web MD, 2013).

Metformin is a medication that works by decreasing the amount of glucose that the liver