List Other Types Of Attacks

1: Physical layer: The purpose of the physical layer is it deals with the hardware components, like cads and cables for sending and receiving data of a carrier.

Layer 1: Physical - This is the level of the actual hardware. It defines the physical characteristics of the network such as connections, voltage levels and timing.

The fifth layer is the session layer this establishes a connection,this layer makes and sets up the connection using co ordinates and could terminate conversations links. the session layer produces services that make authentication after an interruption and not only that but it can reconnect.and as well as the transporting layer it can also have the TCP and the UDP can provide services for all most all applications.An application layer is an abstraction layer that specifies the shared protocols and interface methods used by hosts in a communications network. The application layer abstraction is used in both of the standard models of computer networking; the Internet Protocol Suite (TCP/IP) and the Open Systems Interconnection model (OSI model).Although both models use the same term for their respective highest level layer, the detailed definitions and purposes are different.In TCP/IP, the application layer contains the communications protocols and interface methods used in process-to-process communications

Privacy: In a wireless network all the devices are able to hear data traffic within their ranges which can be a threat to the security of the link. IEEE 802.11 counters this problem by offering a privacy service option that raises the security level of the 802.11 network to that of a wired network.

1. Application (in terms of cabling infrastructure): The application layer is the OSI layer closest to the end user, which means both the OSI application layer and the user interact directly with the software application. When determining resource availability, the application layer must decide whether sufficient network or the requested communication exists.. (OSI_model#Layer_7:_application_layer)

The OSI (Open System Interconnection) model is a set of specifications that allow computers around the world to openly communicate. It is pivotal to understanding and developing computer to computer communications in a network. Each layer plays a role in the process of sending and receiving data. The application layer is the top layer (layer seven) it promotes communication between programs and lower-layer network services. The services at this layer allow the network to decipher a program's request and the program to decipher data sent from the network. The Application layer protocols, programs handles formatting, procedure, security, synchronization, and any other requirements with the network. The Presentation Layer (layer 6) acts as a translator. For instance these protocols decode the jpg/jpeg files sent within the Web server’s HTTP response. So, in the last step (the Application layer) we enter the Web address and it took us to the Web site. This step allows us to see the images and content of the site. The Session Layer (layer 5) regulates and controls the communication between two nodes on the network. It is an ongoing exchange of data between the two and keeps the connection between them for the duration. It keeps the communication secure, detects whether or not the communication has been cut off and if it has it determines where to restart the

In the seven layers of the OSI, control is passed between layers. The model is theoretical, but tells us how a network takes the data sent from the application all the way down to the physical layer and out, to in the physical layer and back up all the way to the application layer. This Model has nothing to do with the actual functions of the process. Instead it is a concept of the framework, so the complexities of a network can be broken down and understood (Beal, 1999).

The Application layer within the OSI reference model is where the application and the user communicates. In other words, the application layer is the ending of data that is transferred in visual form to the user. This layer provides the interface between the applications we use to communicate and the underlying network over which our messages are transmitted. The Application Layer functions are to provide the interface for application-specific protocols commonly used such as HyperText Transfer (HTTP), file transfer (FTP), Simple mail transfer (SMTP), Internet message Access (IMAP),

Outline a wireless network and technology that you use regularly. The WLANs which are derived from the IEEE 802.11 standards, and marketed under the Wi-Fi trademark name. The WLANs security is neither forthright/candid nor simple, and it is continuously varying. Even though, as WLAN increase client output, they also expose the networks to a new group of potential hackers. With the present inherent security weakness of the 802.11 standard, all companies, small, medium or large, need to find out their security conditions derived from the applications using the WLAN. The standards also provide requirements for high-speed networks that support most modern-day applications. What sorts of security issues do

2. The OSI model is not directly implemented in networking and often the distinction between the layers will blur in implementation. Why does it endure despite these

The application layer: this layer allows different applications to communicate with each other’s. In order to exchange different data over the network connection, the protocols included in this layer set up the standards such as DNS, HTTP, FTP. The data coded in this layer will be encapsulated to transport layer for further packing.

Wireless networking hardware requires the use of underlying technology that deals with radio frequencies as well as data transmission. The most widely used standard is 802.11 produced by the Institute of Electrical and Electronic Engineers (IEEE). This is a standard defining all aspects of Radio Frequency Wireless networking

The IEEE 802.11 is basically for the denial of service attacks and counter measures in wireless networks. The paper mainly focuses on security of 802.11 wireless networks. In this paper 802.11 standard is discussed with respect to frames types, contention resolution, physical layer convergence protocol (PLCP), Channels and security.

Applications Security Layer: These are network based applications used by end-clients. Example: E-mail, E-commerce etc.

One of the Presentation layer’s primary function is to translate the data into a language that the network can understand such as ASCII. As the HTTP://bestbuy.com is transferred through this layer, it will be converted into a language no longer recognizable by the browser and now recognizable by the network. This layer is also responsible for data encryption and data compression. Any items such as passwords and secured data are encrypted during this time and this helps prevent hackers from trying to obtain personal information from the network. This layer will also be responsible for converting files like JPEG, MPEG, and ZIP back to their original format. Once this process has completed, the PDUs are then sent over the Session layer. The Session layer is responsible for managing the connection between the client and server. This layer communicates with Session layer on the destination point and establishes connections with certain protocols, but not HTTP. This layer is never used with when retrieving websites, According to Tamara Dean. He states