Listeriaia Meningitis Research Paper

The Maple leaf foods listeria outbreak resulted 22 deaths and a widespread recall of luncheon meat, Sandwiches and deli platters, more than  220 packages of produce and a 20$ million dollar settlement for the company as well as consumer confidence in the produce was jolted. The Outbreak was caused by two meat slicing machine’s that were contaminated with Listeriosis and not cleaned properly.

• the dose to give and how often it may be repeated before referring to the resident’s doctor

This chapter explores the underperforming United States education system that does not prepare students to be creative, think critically, work collaboratively, or communicate effectively to be ready to participate in society (Ferguson, 2011, p. 7). In addition to overall underwhelming performance in academics, the failure to incorporate real world everyday experiences in mathematics prevents students from developing critical thinking and logic skills so that they will be responsible and active citizens of society and have access to jobs in the fields science, technology, mathematics, and engineering (STEM).

5. Describe in detail the mode of action of this antibiotic and how it would be effective in treating the microbe causing bacterial meningitis. The mode of action would be to treat for 3 to 7 days of intravenous or intramuscular with penicillin or ceftriaxone. This can also be treated with other antibiotics such as chloramphenicol, meropenem and fluoroquinolones. A person is still infectious as long as menigococci is present in oral or respiratory secretions or if they have been on effective antibiotic treatments for 24

Generally, it is used to treat bacterial infections such as pneumonia, bronchitis, and ear, lung, skin, and urinary tract infections. Ampicillin comes in three forms: capsule, liquid, and pediatric drops. Capsules should be kept at room temperature and not stored in bathrooms to avoid excessive heat and moisture. Ampicillin and penicillin are both beta-lactamase agents. This means they affect the formation of the bacterial cell wall, specifically the final step: binary fission. Ampicillin is different from penicillin because of an amino group. This amino group allows ampicillin to also be effective on gram-negative cell

It works by inhibiting bacterial protein synthesis (8). Because of this resistance, clindamycin is usually only used in penicillin allergic patients. No interactions that would reduce efficacy of clindamycin or other medications exist (5).

Make sure you refrigerate perishable foods within two hours. And don’t forget to always wash your hands with soap and water before handling food and after touching raw meat.

Ampicillin is used to treat to Listeria monocytogenes meningitis. Within the age-group of this patient, the disease is only contracted by immunocompromised individuals, and there will usually be a history of ingestion of unpasteurized dairy products. Diagnosis is made by identifying motile gram-positive bacilli in a cold enrichment culture of the CSF. Other CSF findings include markedly elevated opening pressure (normal range being 70–180 mmH2O) up to 90,000 neutrophils/µL, decreased glucose (below 40 mg/dL), and increased proteins (above 40 mg/dL). An aminoglycoside may be added to the ampicillin treatment.

Every year over 96,000 people contract E.Coli, 3,200 of those people are hospitalized for E.Coli, and over 31 people die each year from E.Coli (Food News). E.Coli (otherwise known as Escherichia coli O157:H7) is a disease that is spread in many ways, the most common way being raw and uncooked food in the restaurant being served to the customer. Another way E.Coli is spread is through contact human/animal feces. E.Coli can be prevented, here are some ways to do so; Cook all meats to at least 160 degrees fahrenheit, wash your hands with warm water and soap (especially after touching raw meats), wash off all kitchen supplies thoroughly, use only pasteurized dairy and juice products, use/drink treated water, If you travel to another country that may have unsafe water don’t use tap or ice water, avoid raw fruits and veggies (Web MD).

In order to understand foodborne illnesses There are four types of pathogens microorganisms that they can contaminate the food and cause illness, than there is different conditions affect the growth of this foodborne harmful microorganisms we also need to know and understand the difference the different types of food that support the growth of pathogens we need to be able to distinguish between foodborne infections intoxications and toxin mediated infections than there is bacteria viruses parasites and fungi and there are different types of biological chemical and physical contaminants and we have to learn about food allergies. To really understand foodborne illness first we need to learn about microorganisms that cause them and

Listeria can greatly impact members of any community. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) reports that groups within communities that are more at risk of becoming infected by Listeria are pregnant women, newborns, the elderly and individuals with weakened or compromised immune systems (CDC 1st, 2015). The most recent outbreak that received a substantial amount of media coverage was the outbreak linked to Blue Bell creameries products in February 2015. The Blue Bell investigation period per the CDC actually began in 2010. Although the outbreak investigation is over, the CDC explains consumers and retailers should remain vigilant because people could continue to become sick if they are unaware of the recall and consume any of

Bacterial Meningitis affects the nervous system by causing inflammation of a trio of membranes known as the Meninges that are situated around the brain and spinal cord. It 's a disease that is slowly but surely being defeated worldwide with mortality rates falling from 464,000 deaths in 1990 to 303,000 in 2013[3]. Common symptoms throughout the period of an infection include; headaches, vomiting, fever, neck stiffness and an altered mental state. The severity of symptoms can depend on the species of bacteria that caused the infection. Due to recent medical advancements the rates of mortality have fallen considerably in the developed world, however meningitis is still prevalent in less economically developed countries. In this document I will be describing the various inner workings of the disease, but more specifically, it 's pathogenesis, epidemiology, diagnosis, treatment and preventative methods, furthermore I shall also be focusing more on the prevalence of the disease in the UK, as opposed to other locations. [1]

The patient must be carefully monitored for signs of impending shock. When used as primary therapy for severe bubonic plague, the dosage of tetracycline is 40 to 50 mg/kg per day (in 4 equal doses) after a loading dose of 30 mg/kg. After the first 24 to 48 hours of therapy, the dosage of tetracycline can be reduced to the lower dose. Alternatively, doxycycline can be used in dosage of 2.2 mg/kg twice daily, up to a maximum dose of 100 mg twice daily. Levofloxacin should be given in a dosage of 10 mg/kg/dose IM or PO and Ciprofloxacin in a dosage of 15 mg/kg/dose twice daily IV or 20 mg/kg/dose every 12 hours PO. Chloramphenicol, a less desirable choice, is given at a dosage of 25 mg/kg every 6 hours IV with maximum daily dose of 4 g. Chloramphenicol is preferred only in the treatment of known or suspected plague meningitis or when treatment with tetracycline or aminoglycosides is contraindicated or unavailable. Nonspecific therapy is the same as that employed for patients with other forms of gram-negative sepsis and consists primarily of the treatment of shock, seizures, respiratory problems, and high fevers.

Meningococcal Meningitis is the inflammation of the protective coverings of brain and spinal cord called the meninges. Meningococcal Meningitis is caused by the Neisseria meningitidis bacteria (Theobald, M, 2014). There are five forms of meningitis, bacterial being the most fatal. The other form types are viral, parasitic, fungal, and non-infectious. Meningococcal Meningitis can also be caused by other bacterium called Streptococcus pneumoniae, group B Streptococcus, Haemophilus influenzae, and, Listeria monocytogenes (CDC, 2016). Without any treatment of meningitis, it can spread into the blood and cause sepsis--when chemicals released into the bloodstream to fight the infection, trigger inflammatory responses throughout the body. This inflammation can trigger a cascade of changes that can damage multiple organ systems, causing them to fail (Mayo Clinic Staff, 2016). Meningitis is usually caused as a secondary infection when it makes its way into the central nervous

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, membranes that surround the brain. This can extend as far as infecting the cerebral spinal fluid on top of causing the tissue to swell. Meningitis comes in two major forms; bacterially and virally. However, having bacterial meningitis is much more severe than viral meningitis. There is a lot more danger in having a bacterial infection within the brain than a viral infection within the brain. What makes bacterial meningitis so lethal is that “even when the disease is diagnosed early and adequate treatment is started, 5% to 10% of patients die, typically within 24 to 48 hours after the onset of symptoms. Left untreated, up to 50% of cases may die, (6) or there