Literacy During The Victorian Era

Literature of the Victorian Era was written for the upper class, with their values in mind, because it was the upper class who had the money to buy books and the time to read them.

Today, no one seems to give much value of literary works or reading. Not because it doesn’t give anything beneficiary, but because not everyone had the urged to at least finish a book. We now live in a world where social medias almost dominates our daily activities. It’s unlikely to have a place for us to consume a non-fiction or fiction book. As absurd as it sounds but that’s how people often think. We now live in an egalitarian society, where everyone is given the freedom and right of its own.

Reading and writing have been in our lives and around our lives ever since the beginning of time. It is something we are naturally born into. Almost every human being has performed some type of reading or writing, whether they live in the big city, or whether they live in the woods. They have all performed some form of reading or writing in their life. It is human nature. We are born into it. I have many memories of reading and writing, though I may not be very fond of it when it concerns schoolwork, it is something I have naturally adjusted to and it somehow has made me, and probably everyone else around me as well, who we are today.

Contemporary civilisation places immense significance upon writings that stimulate the human psyche. Weldon extrapolates upon this notion through her epistolary work Letters to Alice. The author imbues the audience with the extended metaphorical image of the “City on Invention”. This developed and intricate allegory facilitates comprehension regarding the depth of literary matter. Such complexity is explicated by the alliteration of “mind meeting mind” coupled with the sarcastic “It’s getting crowded”. The City exists as a metaphysical realm negligent of boundaries, thus exemplifying the human mind and appetite for growth. However, Weldon makes tantamount didactic statements that transcend metaphorical allusion and convey explicit points. The high modality language of “no one burns Emma” is symbolic of humanity and its inherent need to preserve and learn about the foundations of its society. Furthermore, Weldon employs a mocking tonality in “real history” to reveal her didactic perspective pertaining to literature, furthered by the authorial intrusion of “you must read”. Weldon re-enforces the relevance of literal compositions, outlining the dire need for its prevalence in society. By observing the past through an inscribed lens, humanity progresses. The written word acts as an artefact through which contemporary society may learn to better themselves by considering the nature of each

In Dana Gioia’s article titled “Why Literature Matters”, he explains about the decline of reading literature for young Americans. Although “income rose to unforeseen levels, college attendance ballooned, and access of information increased enormously” he states, “the interest young Americans showed in the arts… diminished”. In his article, Gioia uses surveys, articles, studies, and statistics to persuade his audience that the decline of reading in America can have a negative effect on society.

Many iconic literary works were developed by writers, who wanted to voice their opinion through writing, such as 1984 by George Orwell, one of the most iconic books of all time. For many, it is challenging for one’s voice to heard, especially if it an unpopular opinion, so they turn to writing. This popular writing style allows people to express their opinions through underlying themes in their stories thus allowing writers to be spokespeople of their times. From The Great Gatsby to The Crucible to “I, Too, Sing America,” each author has expressed the values, critiques of society and traits of their times through their stories and poems.

Literature is an essential part of the center of a person’s life. It provides a certain assurance and “feeds the soul” of one. Whether it be a book, TV, or even an advertisement, literature exists everywhere. A person is able to develop many skills by studying literature, and expand the horizon of their learning. An immeasurable amount of insight and knowledge can be gained from the study of literature which contributes in providing readers with an understanding of the past, and a philosophical assimilation of the moral behind a writing piece.

In the 1600s, critics saw the increased production of books as a threat to society, because they feared that people would not be able to keep up and process the information at the same rate as it became available. Others feared that new books would outshine the classics, and as a result the society would plunge into a primitive state with masses of uncultured people. Ann Blair offers quite the opposite perspective in her article titled “Reading Strategies for Coping with Information Overload ca. 1550–1700,” where she demonstrates that the plethora of books, rather than numbing the minds, in reality cultivated new learning methods while making reading a more personal and intellectually stimulating experience.

In the article, “Why Literature Matters”, the author, Dana Gioia, states how reading is taking a turn downhill as young adults are not reading literature. Gioia addresses that in order to fix the issue, politicians and business communities need to try and fix the problems. Dana Gioia uses a series of logical appeals to show how the decrease in literature is affecting the society.

The way I’ve gone through literature in the past and how I have gone through it now, have changed drastically. In fact, it has changed quite a bit. When I was once a wee lad, I used to read a lot. Mostly likely I would’ve read most of the time because my mother would make me read the same book over, and over, and over all the time. The book that we read together is Love You Forever by Robert Munsch. If I had my own copy today, I’d read it quite often on my own due to the current situation with my mother. This book had meant so much to me since I was a child because of the personal story that was created through the pages, the story of the bond between my mother and I. But, I believe that after reading

1. There are numerous reasons about why Miss Narwin’s opinion of reading books differs from Philip’s opinion. The first reason is that Miss Narwin is a mature adult, who can understand literature better than children. Miss Narwin also has a love for classic literature, which not everyone shares. The second reason is that Philip would enjoy books that were written when he was growing up; it would be easier to understand and relate to for him. I concur with Miss Narwin’s point of view, as I love to read and some older books have a deeper meaning to them. I also agree with Miss Narwin, for I believe that more classic literature should be spread, so that classics won’t be forgotten. Philip’s attitude might be considered a self-fulfilling prophecy since most children would not have such a deep love towards classic literature. Children also appreciate books that they can understand and relate to.

Contrary to an escalation in income, technology, and higher education levels, American Interest in Literature is deteriorating much to the dismay of author Dana Gioia. In his argument “Why Literature Matters”, he stresses the importance of literature in an intellectual society. Through Gioa’s use of statistical evidence and emotional appeal, he builds his argument through which he attempts to persuade his readers of the detrimental impact a decline in reading will have on society.

Knowledge in the Victorian Period vs. Knowledge in the 21st Century “But epidemics create a king of history from below they can be world changing, but the participants are almost inevitably ordinary folk, following their established routines, not thinking for a second about how their actions will be recorded for posterity” (Johnson 32). A hundred sixty years ago an epidemic disease began because of human’s insufficient knowledge on how diseases were caused. Many of these people in the Victorian Era died since they did not know how to take care of their selves. Now a hundred and sixty years later, people know more about diseases because of technology but they still don’t know how many are suffering from insufficient water and food.

As the era of literature slowly declines, the expert critiques and praise for literature are lost. Previously, novels were bursting at the seams with metaphors, symbolism, and themes. In current times, “novels” are simply short stories that have been elaborated on with basic plot elements that attempt to make the story more interesting. Instead of having expert critical analysis written about them, they will, most likely, never see that, as recent novels have nothing to analyze. Even books are beginning to collect dust, hidden away and forgotten, attributing to the rise of companies such as Spark Notes. An author deserves to have his work praised, no matter how meager and the masses should have the right to embrace it or to reject it. As

Reading has at all times and in all ages been a source of knowledge, of happiness, of pleasure and even moral courage. In today's world with so much more to know and to learn and also the need for a conscious effort to conquer the divisive forces, the importance of reading has increased. In the olden days if reading was not cultivated or encouraged, there was a substitute for it in the religious sermon and in the oral tradition. The practice of telling stories at bed time compensated to some extent for the lack of reading. In the nineteenth century Victorian households used to get together for an hour or so in the evenings and listen to books being read aloud. But today we not only read, we also want to read more and more and catch up