Literary Devices In The Scarlet Ibis By James Hurst

Imagine having a brother who is incapable of doing anything for himself. James Hurst’s short story tells the tale of a young boy in this position and the way his mindset is. In the short story “The Scarlet Ibis,” James Hurst uses imagery, setting, and motif to convey Brother’s feelings of guilt. By using these literary elements, Hurst allows the readers to take a deeper look into Brother’s perception towards Doodle at the time.

¨At six years old, when his brother is born, the narrator tells the reader that from the first, Doodle was "a disappointment." When he learns that Doodle is possibly mentally and physically challenged, the narrator begins his plan to kill his brother; however, his plans are soon discarded after Doodle smiles at him¨. (James Hurst) The main conflict of "The Scarlet Ibis" by James Hurst is Brother's inability to deal with Doodle's disabilities.

James Hurst is the author of the heart breaking short story entitled “The Scarlet Ibis”. “The Scarlet Ibis” is a short story about two brothers; one brother is healthy, while the other is physically handicapped. The short story is centered on the idea that the older, healthier brother’s selfishness and pride ultimately led to the death of his younger brother, Doodle. Numerous quotes throughout the story demonstrate Hurst’s use of symbolism and foreshadowing to portray and predict Doodle’s untimely and heartbreaking death.

Symbols are used to represent something else deeper than the actual meaning either in real life or in literature. In the story “The Scarlet Ibis”, Doodle who is mentally and physically disabled was not expected to live. Although, he did live, however, he could not do things other children could do such as walk or talk. Therefore, his older brother set out to teach him because he was embarrassed to have an abnormal brother. However, many years later Doodle is soon overworked until he can no longer go on, and he sadly dies. In “The Scarlet Ibis”, James Hurst uses the caul, the oriole nest, and the blood od Doodle as symbols to offer greater insight into abstract ideas that are difficult to understand on their own.

One example of Hurst showing symbolism in the story is through birds. Doodle and the scarlet ibis are both graceless and very weak. The scarlet ibis tries to fly, but fails to do so. “At that moment the bird began to flutter, but the wings were uncoordinated, and amid much flapping and a spray of feathers, it tumbled down, bumping through the limbs of the bleeding tree and landing at our feet with a thud” (Hurst 321). Doodle is comparable to the scarlet ibis. He is very clumsy, and looked down upon by his family. They believed that he was not going to live. He is shown through the scarlet ibis because the bird is also very weak, like Doodle. They both have come over many obstacles to be alive. But still, you never know if something so little to you, could break something so fragile like a Scarlet Ibis. In the story after Doodle dies. It talks about how empty the house was. “...the oriole nest in the elm was untenanted and rocked back and forth like an empty cradle” (Hurst 315). Now that the birds are gone and the tree is not occupied, it is like the empty cradle in the house now that Doodle is gone. He is shown through the birds. Doodle is just like the birds leaving their home. And now that Doodle is gone, it is a very empty sensation lingering in the home he once lived in. Doodle is symbolically a bird in the story the Scarlet Ibis because he is very weak and fragile, just like the bird.

Firstly, James Hurst’s “The Scarlet Ibis” is a dismal story due to the figurative language that is used. This figurative language forces the reader to become sympathetic to the characters, and therefore connected to them.

The dangers of cruelty in life ultimately overpower emotions and decisions of higher quality. Difficult decisions are made daily, and the compelling idea of satisfaction leads people to make choices for the sake of themselves. The emotions that potentially can happen because of those decisions are captivating, resulting in cruel outcomes. An author that portrays this idea through a character is James Hurst. In his work, “The Scarlet Ibis”, Hurst develops a relationship between two brothers using the idea that cruelty ultimately overpowers love. The brothers, Doodle and Brother, experience events that cause them to make valued memories, but also break close bonds. Through these experiences, Brother begins to accept his disabled brother, Doodle, for his limitations. Doodle has to be extremely cautious due to his disability, never letting an emotion or feeling become too strong. Some events lead Brother to show affection towards Doodle, but others prompt him to do just the opposite. Hurst uses Old Woman Swamp and the coffin as symbols in, “The Scarlet Ibis”, to assist in demonstrating the highs and lows of Brother and Doodle’s volatile relationship.

The setting of “The Scarlet Ibis” helps prepare the readers’ state of mind from the very beginning. In the first place, the story takes place at the end of World War I and represents the internal conflict the narrator has as he struggles between guilt of his younger brother’s death and the acceptance of his brother’s disabilities. With this in mind, the narrator is abashed over Doodle’s inability to walk because he thinks disabilities are shameful, and he wanted a brother who was athletic, outgoing, and adventurous. For this reason,”When Doodle was five years old, I was embarrassed at having a brother of that age who couldn't walk, so I set out to teach him (Hurst 417).” The narrator admits to going out of his way to train Doodle to walk because he has so much pride that it is getting in the way of more important goals, meaning he would rather have a “normal” brother than a happy one. The poor treatment of his brother ultimately leads to Doodle’s death. Furthermore, he forces Doodle to do things unwillingly, such as touch his own coffin and train him to be “normal”. The narrator traumatizes his little brother to think a certain way in order to become accepted by society. Even

In James Hurst's short story, "Scarlet Ibis," life is short is the main message. Since the prelude of the story, it was brought to the reader's attention that Doodle's life comes to an end at a young age. Brother starts off as an arrogant, self indulgent individual and metamorphizes into a benevolent, wise young adult by experiencing the trauma of losing his baby brother due to his own selfish desires. The author manifests that pride which leads to one's downfall. James Hurst proves this theme through conflict; Brother versus Doodle, society, and himself with his struggles.

At the end of “The Scarlet Ibis”, the narrator thinks to himself, “The knowledge that Doodle’s and my plans had come to naught was bitter, and that streak of cruelty within me awakened” (Hurst 425). Doodle’s brother possesses a short fuse when dealing with troubling issues. His reactions occasionally lead to problems later on due to his tendency towards cruelty. In this case, Doodle’s brother becomes angry that he does not reach his goals and this anger leads to destruction, and then turns to sorrow.

The metaphors and similes in The Scarlet Ibis create the drama and ironies that effect the characters. “For a long time, it seemed forever, I lay there crying, sheltering my fallen scarlet ibis, from the heresy of rain” (6) The Scarlet ibis. The Ibis most prominently symbolizes Doodle because both were weak and beautiful in their own way and taken down by a storm, the storms that represent something else. Brother conveys the storms, like the hurricane and the ibis, Brother is Doodle’s storm, the one that makes him weak. He is like the storm because he takes Doodle so far in strength and distance, but leaves him, like the storm left the Ibis. Whether or not it was intentional or conscious. Brining the story further out the two brothers, symbolize mankind as a whole and the misunderstanding that causes war and silent loathing. There are more simple representations in The Scarlet Ibis, for example on the first page; “The last graveyard flowers were blooming, and their smell drifted across the cotton field and through every room of our house, speaking the names of our dead.” (1) The Scarlet Ibis. The graveyard flowers symbolize memories and that things always come back. The symbolism create this atmosphere and struggles between the characters that accrue the

“The Scarlet Ibis” is the story of two brothers and their complicated relationship. The younger of the two, Doodle, is developmentally delayed and struggles with everyday tasks. His eldest brother teaches Doodle how to accomplish these tasks. Brother’s initial intentions to teach his invalid little brother to walk start out of love, but soon are formed from prideful motives. Despite his brother’s pride, Doodle strives to please him by cooperating, because he loves his older brother. After Doodle’s passing, Brother’s tangled web of pride is straightened out again to reveal his pure brotherly love and how much he misses his little brother. In James Hurst’s “The Scarlet Ibis”, the most prominent emotion is love because of the powerful role it plays in the brothers’ interactions with one another.

Because of his selfishness, he has taken the life of his brother, torn apart his family, and haunts his own life with guilt as he tells the story as an old man, unable to forgive himself. By claiming that Doodle is his “fallen scarlet ibis,” the narrator allows himself to compare Doodle’s death to the beauty of nature and cope with his heavy conscience (183). Despite the elegance associated with the situation, Brother cannot escape the fact that his selfishness had brought on the death of his red, fragile

The author of "The Scarlet Ibis" is James Hurst. Doodle is a physically disabled child with a normal and healthy brother. His brother pushes and is very cruel to him because of his disability. He also ends up making Doodle try to complete simple everyday tasks that everyone expects he can not do. The author uses symbolism and foreshadowing to reveal Doodle's frailty and impressionability.

The first literary device the author uses to build the theme is flashback. The reader knows how the story is based on one lengthy memory, written in first person point of view by the narrator, who is now a grown man reminiscing about his childhood days with his younger brother. The narrator recalls, “But sometimes (like right now), as I sit in the cool, green-draped parlor, the grindstone beings to turn, and time with all its changes is ground away- and I remember Doodle” (416). This point of view is based purely on memory of the past, which enables the reader of having the ability to understand and recognize Brother’s mistakes and how to not make the same mistakes of hurting the ones we love. The reader feels a genuine atmosphere of remembrance, reminiscence, and guilt. Thus, the reader experiences a sense of growing up with Doodle and Brother, since the story ranges through a number of years. Flashback lets the reader know that Doodle is no longer alive, lets them be empathetic, and the atmosphere of the narrator talking about his past experiences as a child leads one to believe his lesson being taught. Therefore, flashback adds a special element of trust, since the reader is aware of about the character’s past, personal emotions, and regrets.