Literature And Film From The Late Nineteenth- And Early Twentieth Centuries Essay

Are group was given the time period between 1900-1920. This time period was a sad but prosperous time. The idea of “The American Dream” then is different from what we perceive it today, it was imagining that everyone was equal and that money had no sway on who you were. During this time period one of the biggest wars called World War 1 took place, supplies were being used up quickly. Men were sent overseas to fight leaving women and children behind to fend for themselves. Women began joining the workforce doing the jobs that men would have done originally, such as working in munition factories to make ammo for the soldiers, this was a big step to equality because before, women’s main role in society was to take care of the children and to

2011. “The New Jim Crow” Pp 217.-224 in Rethinking the Color Line, 5th Edition, edited by Charles Gallagher. New York, NY: McGraw Hill.

“At the beginning of the twentieth century, a homosexual subculture, uniquely Afro-American in substance, began to take shape in New York’s Harlem. Throughout the so- called Harlem Renaissance period, roughly 1920 to 1935, black lesbians and gay men were meeting each other [on] street corners, socializing in cabarets and rent parties, and worshiping in church on Sundays, creating a language, a social structure, and a complex network of institutions.” Richard Bruce Nugent, who was considered the “perfumed orchid of the New Negro Movement” said, “You did what you wanted to. Nobody was in the closet. There wasn’t any closet.”

The decade of the 1930’s can be characterized in two parts: The Great Depression, and the restoration of the American economy. America had been completely destroyed due to the Stock Market Crash of 1929. It was up to the government and people of the 1930’s to "mend" America’s wounds. One man stood up to this challenge, Franklin Delano Roosevelt. He promised to fix the American economy, provide jobs, and help the needy. During The Great Depression, the crime rate had risen to an all new high. J. Edgar Hoover helped to create the Federal Bureau of Investigation. As America was restored, culture grew quickly. Dance clubs, new music styles, glamour girls, movies and sports were all popular forms of entertainment in the

In midst of the radicalizations that were apparent in those times, Ferguson brings in the account of the transgendered mulatta. (p. 40). One can imagine the thought that went into this mulatta, where people of all races, sexual orientations could convulge and commit any act of vice that they deemed fit. In this Chapter, one sees a common theme, the expansive arguments around the heterogeneously composed African American culture – something that is visible to this day in the stereotyping that occurs with relation to queer people of color. One can also see another common aspect, in the way in which these articles show the way American industrialization disrupted hegemonic gender/sexual ideals as well as the people mistaking this disruption as racial differences. With the passage of time, these differences became more apparent, but the concept of queer people of color is still something that remains widely shrouded in question in the minds of ordinary

Author Melton McLaurin wrote this book for readers to know and understand a portion of the American past. He explained how the sexual politics of slavery presented an exact example of the power relationships within the larger society. In his writing, he demonstrates how

The 1920s were a time of great prosperity and revitalization. This decade gave way to many great social milestones for every class of people. From the limits for immigration to the boom of the auto industry American society was drastically altered. Issues such as foreign immigration,prohibition, the Ku Klux Klan ,evolution, women’s roles, and race were the focus of the populus and drove politics within the nation. Art played a major role in how the black community expressed their new found sense of culture. Painting has always been a way for someone to portrait their ideas.

“Sex was something mysterious which happened to married couples and Homosexuality was never mentioned; my mother told me my father did not believe it existed at all ‘until he joined the army’. As a child, I was warned about talking to ‘strange men’, without any real idea what this meant. I was left to find out for myself what it was all about.” Mike Newman, who was a child during the 1950s America recalls how homosexuality was perceived during the post-World War II era (F). This sexual oppression was not only in Newman’s household, but in almost everyone’s. While the civil rights movement began in the mid-1950s and ended late 1960s, the LGBT community started to come out of the closet slowly. The gay rights movement stemmed from the civil rights movement

The 1920’s where a time of conservatism, it was a time of great social change. From the world of fashion to the world to politics, forces clashed to produce the most explosive decade of the century.

In 1929, Nella Larsen made the term ‘passing’ a tangible phenomenon through her seminal novel Passing. Larsen, an African American woman living in Harlem, details the societal pressure and perhaps even necessity for minorities to ‘pass’ as a member of the majority. The genesis of this social pressure is rooted in the history of the lighter-skinned African American population, but it is a force that almost all minorities have encountered in some form. Passing, while tempting, is ultimately detrimental to the culture and general consciousness of minority communities. The net effect is an easier individual existence in the short-run, but a longer term rejection and subjugation of the culture of that minority group. It wasn’t until 2006, long after the racially segregated world of Larsen, that the term was resurrected. Kenji Yoshino, a human rights lawyer and gay advocate, reimagined ‘passing’ to fit a more modern context. In an homage to Larsen’s formative novel, he published Covering, a text that details the modern transfiguration of the passing impulse. Covering is a new iteration of passing and is one with almost equally as hazardous stakes. Yoshino observes the societal pressure for gay men to cover their homosexuality in an attempt to be accepted by their communities. Covering diverges from passing in this key regard; covering is not a total concealing of one’s own identity but rather a muting of it. Therefore, covering is something that occurs even when a person is

In her book Queering the Color Line: Race and the Invention of Homosexuality in American Culture, Siobhan Somerville uses film and literature from the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries to demonstrate the ways in which early models of homosexuality were often embedded within discussions of race, specifically “the bifurcated constructions of ‘black’ and ‘white’ bodies” (175). Somerville notes that discussions of sexual orientations emerged at the same time Plessy v. Ferguson, the supreme court case that affirmed the government’s right to determine an individual’s racial identity, was settled. She contends that the development of sexual classifications alongside the U.S. governments “aggressive policing of the boundary between ‘black’ and ‘white’ bodies” was more than a coincidence in timing (3). Somerville argues that this new polarization of bodies and focus on sexual desires echoed a similar, simultaneous shift in racial thinking. During this shift, the cultural figure of the mulatto gave way to a new visualization of the races as natural opposites, and increasing numbers of legal and social devices were created to prevent people of different races from engaging in sexual activity with one another. Thus the materialization of new sexual categories paralleled, and was profoundly influenced by, the hardening of the "color line," the division of Americans into racially segregated categories.

Despite the dearth of available literature due to censorship and the passage of time, this period was characterized by flourishing deviant—and provisionally—queer sexuality. The unstable times, cultural changes, and political turmoil all lent themselves to a shift in discussions and understandings of sexuality. The Civil War remains a period of incredible upheaval that profoundly shaped culture and society. This period saw the reshaping of gender and sexuality norms while also instigating the codifying of existing gender-based oppression and violences (Bronsky, 81). While the lexicon of sexuality has changed in the intervening years, the Civil War (and the circumstances it produced) remains a condition of emergence of queer pre-history, as well as a crucial site for interpreting and reclaiming historical

For example, black men’s masculinity and sexuality were tied to the so-called “bestial excess of an overly phallicized primitivity” (Wiegman 1993, 458). They were thought to be untamed and hypersexual [...] (Hickey 169).

Nella Larsen and Chester Himes both published novels in the first half of the twentieth century that deal with “Black” characters passing for “white.” Particularly because the race of some characters is fairly ambiguous in Larsen’s novel, members of the “Black race” as defined here will include those with any known Black ancestry. Therefore “race” is being defined with respect to the “one-drop” rule, which dictates that any small presence of African ancestry requires individuals to be granted a hypo-descendent racial status. This decision came about because both novels are set and were published during a time when legal racial status largely determined individuals’ economic power in order to maintain Jim Crow segregation (Davis 17-19).

Throughout history, black female bodies have been marginalized by white society and viewed as only being valued for their bodies, specifically their genitals. bell hooks’ essay titled, “naked without shame: a counter-hegemonic body politic”, discusses the domination of the black female body and how there is little discussion on how the body has been “foregrounded as a site of conquest in all efforts of colonization”. According to hooks, black bodies are rarely highlighted in a way that counters the hegemonic representation of being