Literature Review : Obesity And Lifestyle Behaviors

Obesity is known as a condition where a person has excessive fat in their body and it is also defined as being a genetic and environmental factor, which can occur to anyone from child to adult. It is a factor where people eat the wrong foods and do not watch their diet. Obesity or overweight is a very dangerous disease because it can be the leading cause of diabetes, hypertension and even sleep apnea and many more symptoms can be caused by the disease.

Obesity and being overweight are very common worldwide issues around the world, especially in the U.S. There are more than 3 million cases per year. By changing your lifestyle such as diet and exercise, losing weight can seem effortless. Desirable junk/fast food or even irresistible fast food commercials can tempt you to do the unthinkable. We are all victims of this advertising war. Quick-service restaurants (QSR) generate these advertisements in hope to attract more consumers or to increase their popularity rates around town. These commercials bombard our state of mind only to convince us to buy unhealthy food for worthless money. The increase in fast food commercials in the U.S. has led to an increase in both QSR revenues and the obesity rates. Regulating commercial frequencies will lead to a decline in the obesity rate. Our country has more than enough issues that frequently affect our population. Despite these alarming cautions, the food industries with their advertiser use every available media outlet to promote and sell their products. Pushing food and drinks high in sugar is unethical and unjust. We learn to

Obesity is a condition where the fat in the body is collected and stored in huge amounts. It is the Body Mass Index (BMI) which is the comparison between the weight and the height of a person that would help in identifying obese cases. If BMI's is greater than 25, the person would be called overweight and if it is more than 30 than he would be called obese. Obesity is an issue of public concern because of the threat it has towards the physical and the mental health, to the relationship, development and the overall well being of an individual. It is not only limited to a particular age group, gender, culture or a part of the globe. Instead, every individual is in danger to its bad affects.

Obesity is an increasing epidemic affecting the United States in an alarming and negative way. In the past centuries it was rare for Americans to be obese. Today they’re numerous factors contributing to the epidemic but they can be reversed with awareness of the severity of the issue, it’s affect on health, and a willingness to make changes in their daily life.

Dalton, S. (2005). Our Overweight Children: What Parents, Schools And Communities Can Do to Control the Fatness Epidemic. Berkeley: University of California Press.

Did you know that 31.6 % of South Carolina population is obese? Over the last few decades’ obesity has gotten out of control, more than 30.5% of adults and 17% of children are considered obese. What is Obesity? Obesity is a diseased connected to improper nutrition a way that the amount of the fatty tissue of the body stored from the food taken starts being completely unhealthy. I believe Americans aren’t getting sufficient exercise and are consuming too much unhealthy food. Obesity is a major health topic today, due to the rate of obesity it has turned into a rapid epidemic. The biggest possible reason for obesity in children and adults are poor eating habits and lack of physical exercise.

It’s no secret that obesity is a serious worldwide issue and a diseased affecting many people’s lives around the world and becoming a huge health problem. In the book titled I know someone who is obesity written by Sue Barraclough stated that over 400 million people on Earth are conceder obese since 2009. “In Nov. 2010 the US Surgeon General reported that an estimated 500,000 deaths per year were attributed to obesity. “According to BBC news Obesity was the third leading cause of death in 2015, after smocking and high blood pressure. For years scientists and studies have been trying to identify if obesity is a diseased or more of a condition.

In general, African American adolescent girls were reported to “have high, stable levels of self-esteem” (Adams, Kuhn, & Rhode, 2006), which Paxton, Eisenberg, and Nuemark- Sztainer (2006) explained stating that African American adolescent girls have a “lower increase in body dissatisfaction in the middle but not in the early adolescent cohort because the larger body size ideal in the African American subculture is more consistent with the natural shape of young women

The current state of obesity in the United States is a greater than that of other countries who live healthier lifestyles. Living healthy lifestyles is a great goal for a country to look towards achieving, and encouraging these lifestyles can benefit the country as well as the people. There are a lot of benefits for living healthy lifestyles, while there are also many negatives to living an unhealthy lifestyle. Taxing fatty foods would help to encourage buying healthy foods, and it could reduce obesity rates in America. There are a couple of problems within this way of thinking like: profits declining, people having to spend more, and the government going against the people. But the overall benefits of having more and more people move towards a healthier lifestyle would greatly overrule the downsides of it. Being able to lower the risk of disease by encouraging healthy lifestyles is something to stride for. Taxing fatty foods would be a great way to help encourage people to buy healthier foods and to lead healthier, fitter lives.

Authors found new leads in their study, such as BE being associated with smoking and exercising to lose weight, and gender differences among data as women were more likely to report being obese, use of compensatory behaviors, and perceive themselves as moderately or extremely overweight. Authors acknowledge their use of secondary data with a population sample that was predominantly Caucasian and obtained from a single, private university limiting the generalizability of the results. In addition, the source data was gathered solely through use of self-report data, which at times can have underlying biased results especially when referring to self report self image. An example is the commonly suggested self-reported measure of BMI and inaccuracy when compared with actual

Obesity is the biggest killer of Americans today and the government is sanctioning its rapid death rate by how they deal with the pricing of food in our stores today. In today’s society people lean towards less expensive and convenient foods also known as fast food chains. The generation that we live in now is more likely prone to develop diseases such as heart disease, kidney failure, type two diabetes, and cancer at a young age. Being unhealthy on the inside is just as much a threat as looking unhealthy on the outside. It’s more strenuous for people to understand because we can’t visually see what’s happening on the inside of our bodies. Fat starts to envelop itself around vital organs. This becomes a large problem because people can’t physically

The Surgeon General’s Office, First Lady Obama, and many other prominent officials have called to action campaigns to address obesity as public health issue which leads to many other chronic care issues. Childhood obesity has reached epidemic levels in developed countries. Twenty five percent of children in the US are overweight and 11% are obese. Overweight and obesity in childhood are known to have significant impact on both physical and psychological health. The mechanism of obesity development is not fully understood and it is believed to be a disorder with multiple causes. Environmental factors, lifestyle preferences, and cultural environment play pivotal roles in the rising prevalence of obesity worldwide. Childhood obesity now affects 1 in 6 children and adolescents in the United States (CDC, 2015). In 2011-2012, (Ogen, Caroll, Kit, Flegal,

Did you know that two- thirds of adults and one-thirds of children in the United States are obese or overweight? (USA Today) According to Webster, obesity is defined as condition characterized by the excessive accumulation and storage of fat in the body. Body Mass Index (BMI) person weight in kilogram divided by the square of a person’s height in meters. I view obesity as a life style disease that does not discriminate. Obesity is more prevalent today due to inactivity and poor eating habits. No one has to remain obese; with proper diet, exercise and life style changes the weight will come off and stay off. I am speaking from experience; I suffered from obesity at a very young age and it carried over into my adult life.

A study focused on obesity published by Navaneelan and Janz (2014) concluded that, “Obesity has become one of the world’s greatest health concerns and threatens to undo gains made in life expectancy during the 20th century” (p. 1). “Obesity is defined as abnormal excessive fat accumulation that may impair health” (World Health Organization, 2015). In order to tackle the concerns of obesity, nurses should develop an understanding of the family’s needs and goals in order to determine family nursing roles. The nurse’s role of communicator, educator, and advocator may be helpful towards families dealing with obesity. The Primary health care setting may facilitate these nursing roles due to its accessibility and familiarity among families. This setting provides nurses with the opportunity to address obesity management given the frequent contact between the nurse and the families. The nurse develops a better understanding of the family’s needs and wants which in turn allows the nurse to develop nursing diagnosis, prevention and treatment interventions regarding obesity (Gordie and Brown, 2012, p.15). The purpose of this paper will emphasise the role of nurses as communicators, educators and advocators along with role challenges in supporting families with the lifestyle and conditions of obesity.

The increasing prevalence of obesity is a continuing global health issue. Individuals are more likely to eat in our current food environment where food are more desirable but less nutritional. To investigate whether there is a relationship between delayed discounting and an individual’s impulsivity and obesogenic eating behaviour, 214 students completed three questionnaires that rated their discounting parameter, attentional impulsivity, food responsiveness and emotional over-eating. Results displayed a high discounting parameter was not significantly correlated with attentional impulsivity and emotional over-eating, however delayed discounting was significantly correlated with food responsiveness. Further, there was no significant correlation between obesogenic eating behaviours and attentional impulsivity. These findings suggest that obesity is not influenced by or influences individuals delayed discounting and impulsiveness and controllability to food cues, however may be influenced by an individuals tendency to emotionally over-eat. The current research does not support the theory and extending it, can apply to new context. The theory may be informative to health care professionals and applied to counselling techniques.