Literature Review Of Employee Commitment

The way people act relects the way they feel about their jobs and it has a lot to do with their values and attudide about their workplace. Their job satisfaction and organizational commitment has to do with values in the workplace specifically with expectations, outcomes, acceptable behaviors those values are what an employee holds in regards to work.

As per this model, affective commitment refers to the employee’s emotional attachment to the organization. Employers with strong affective commitment remain with the organization because they want to do so. Continuance commitment refers to the extent to which the employee perceives that leaving the organization would be costly. Employees with strong continuance commitment remain because they have to do so. Finally, normative commitment refers to the employee’s feelings of obligation to the organization and the belief that staying is the „right thing‟ to do. Employees with strong normative commitment remain because they feel that they ought to do so (Meyer and Allen 1991). Later, a revision of the three scales was undertaken (Meyer, Allen and Smith

Aforementioned views and thoughts label affective commitment dimension as an inevitable part for mental healthcare delivery. The need of affective commitment facet in this sector is largely influenced by the extent of needs and expectations expressed by employees towards their organisation and how they get matched with real experience at workplace. Once the employees could identify the distinct norms and values promoted by an organisation to enhance their skills and talents they get affectively committed towards their organisation and feel attached to the organisation strongly. The strong affective bond or attachment an employee develops with his organisation will consequently benefit the mentally ill patients through timely service delivery and effective treatment. This affective commitment further

There are three separate dimensions to organizational commitment: 1. Affective commitment is an emotional attachment to the organization and a belief in its values. For example, a Petco employee may be affectively committed to the company because of its involvement with animals. 2. Continuance commitment is the perceived economic value of remaining with an organization. An employee may be committed to an employer because she is paid well and feels it would hurt her family to quit. 3. Normative commitment is an obligation to remain with the organization for moral or ethical reasons. An employee spearheading a new initiative may remain with an employer because he feels he would “leave the employer in the lurch” if he left." (Robbins & Judge, 2011, p 77)

For the goal to be achieved, the team members have to have a certain level of organizational commitment. Team members who possess a strong affective commitment are less likely to be absent from work and are more apt to engage in behavior that promotes organizational unity which helps create a more productive and positive workplace (Allen, 2007). Also, employees who feel that their organization values their contributions and cares about their well-being can result in an increase of employees’ efforts to meet the organization's goals through greater attendance and performance (Eisenberger, Huntington, Hutchison, and Sowa, 1986).

Job satisfaction is a very simple concept in organizational behavior. It is simply a yes or no question. Is an individual satisfied with their current employment.

Steers, R. M. (1977) ‘Antecedents and outcomes of organizational commitment. Administrative Science Quarterly’, 22 (1), 46-56.

Reviewing types of commitment, I can tell that I experienced all three of them through different stages of my career at Dow. During my first two years, I definitely felt an emotion-based affective commitment, which defined as the desire to stay with the company due to an emotional attachment to the organization and its employees. With this commitment, employees stay because they want to (65). I was hired with two of my friends from high school, so be able to work with them and building closer relationships was a big emotion-based factor. Other factors that made me want to stay there was the professional atmosphere, flexible work hours, friendly coworkers, goal-driven job duties, and supportive supervisor. Having co-workers that thank me for everything I do, motivates me to do my best at all tasks and built a desire in me to exceed others’ expectations through my performance.

Different leadership organisations have different leadership styles that they have adopted in their operations. However it is up to an organization to make sure that the leadership style it uses contributes to the commitment of different stakeholders in an organization. Organizational commitment is one of the salient on going organizational issues faced by managers. Past literature has highlighted the importance of retaining committed employees as an aspect of survival for organization hence many forward thinking are striving to create a positive organizational climate in order to keep those good employees through various human resource initiative (Chew, J, &

The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance needs to be analyzed before a decision can be made to increase job satisfaction to positively affect job performance. Conventional opinion holds that increased levels of job satisfaction leads to increased job performance. Empirical evidence does not validate such a strong correlation. Alternative models exist that describe job satisfaction and job performance having mutual influence on one another as well as no influence at all. Job performance may also be enhanced through organizational and personal factors like reward systems and self-esteem. Job performance itself has multiple aspects and each aspect can be affected through different means. A simplistic correlation between job satisfaction and job performance should be avoided. Job performance can be improved by providing training and development opportunities to employees.

Organizational commitment can be categorized into three distinct themes; affective, continuance and normative. Affective commitment is seen as an employee’s personal attachment to, identification with and involvement in the organization which often results to a strong belief in the employing organization’s goals and values. This in turn makes the employee exert extra effort on behalf of the organization.

The main difference between organizational commitment and job satisfaction is that while organizational commitment can be defined as the emotional responses which an employee has towards his organization. Job satisfaction is the responses that an employee has towards any job. In other words, while an employee has positive feelings towards the organization, its values and objectives, it possible for him to be unsatisfied with the job he or she has in the organization (Celik, 2008).

By the three types of commitment such to be Affective, continuance, and normative employees can reach to a high level of organizational commitment , high performance , high extra role behaviors , low turnover , tolerance of unsatisfactory working conditions , job satisfaction and low absenteeism.

Organizational commitment is critical to organizations due to the desire to retain a strong workforce. Organizations want to know why employees stay or leave their organizations so if correction is needed they have some tools to proceed with the correction. High turnover of employees in an organization can determine if an organization is successful or not. While turnover is related to all three areas of commitment researchers have determined that Affective commitment is one most associated with absenteeism and organizational citizenship (Williams J. 2004).

Job satisfaction is the very important factor in general quality of life because it is closely connected with working life (e.g. Argyle, 1989; Bang & Lee, 2006), with family life, everyday life, and mental health (Orpen, 1978; Schmitt and Bedeian, 1982; Faragher, Cass & Cooper, 2005). Level of job satisfaction is also highly related to turnover, absenteeism rate, work productivity or accomplishment (Muchinsky, 1977; Organ, 1977). Many researchers (e.g. Cherrington, 1994; Acorn, Ratner & Crawford, 1997; Ostroff, 1992; Spector, 1997) state that employees who experience high job satisfaction contribute to organisational commitment, job involvement, their physical, mental health and overall well-being are improved. Job dissatisfaction on the