REVIEW OF LITERTURE
MINDFULNESS
Mindfulness has enjoyed a massive growth in popularity in the past decade, both in the popular press and in the psychotherapy literature. Recently there has been several studies conducted on Mindfulness. Langer’s (1992) early conceptualization included mindfulness as a ‚state of conscious awareness...openness to novelty in which the individual actively constructs categories and distinctions. From this view mindfulness is a nearly effortful way of attending to the present moment, in contrast to the automatic, shallow processing of mindlessness. In a later conceptualization, Langer and Moldoveanu (2000) revised the definition of mindfulness to emphasize that it is a ‚process of drawing new distinctions, such that a perceiver experiences: greater sensitivity to one’s environment, more openness to new information, the creation of new categories for structuring perception, and enhanced awareness of multiple perspectives in problem solving (Langer & Moldoveanu,
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For example, mindfulness is similar to mentalization (Bateman & Fonagy, 2004, 2006; Fonagy & Bateman, 2008), which can be understood as the developmental process of understanding one’s own and others’ behavior in terms of individuals’ thoughts, feelings, and desires. Both constructs (Mindfulness and Mentalization) emphasize the temporary, subjective, and fluid nature of mental states and both are thought to enhance affect regulation and cognitive flexibility (Wallin, 2007). Mindfulness and intersubjectivity are similar in that they both enable a sense of connection with others (Thompson, 2001), or what Thich Nhat Hanh (1987) calls interbeing. Finally, insight, the conscious process of making novel connections (Hill & Castonguay, 2007), can be construed as a beneficial outcome of mindfulness practice. Siegel (2007b, 2009) has proposed a neurological basis for the connection between mindfulness and
Chiesa, A., & Malinowski, P. Mindful Based Approaches: Are they all the Same? Retrieved April 18, 2017, from https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/338d/109a4fc37ea74734c6e13ce59ae1925ea78c.pdf
The prolific success rates of mindfulness-based therapeutic techniques among the body of evidence only highlights how we can further incorporate mindfulness into not only psychological treatments, but also into our daily lives as preventative measures against unnecessary distress. The cognitive perceptual and interpretive control afforded via mindfulness practices seems to influence the appraisal of the situation at hand affects our reaction and response to it. The advantageous ability to objectively reflect on an issue before responding is not confined only to the realm of treating psychological symptoms.
Mindfulness therapy falls under the umbrella of Cognitive Behavioral Therapy (CBT). CBT is an evidenced based treatment that was derived as a way to treat individuals who are at risk for emotional dysregulation on a more long-term basis (Craighead, 2016). Mindfulness includes education about the client’s illness, meditation techniques and drawing a connection between specific thoughts and feelings. This is all done in an effort to teach individuals to more routinely notice their thoughts and avoid rumination and negative thinking patterns that can lead to feelings of negative self-worth, guilt and excessive self-criticism (Williams & Kuyken, 2012). According to research from six randomized controlled trials with a total of 593 participants Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Behavioral therapy was shown to reduce relapses of depression in 44% (Williams & Kuyken, 2012).
In terms of stress reduction, mindfulness refers to the development of skills “characterized by a nonjudgmental awareness, openness, curiosity and acceptance of internal and external present experiences” (Chiesa & Serrety, 2009. p. 593). The constant practice of mindfulness exercises accounts for the reduction of stress. In their review of ten articles relevant to the effectiveness of mindfulness practices on stress reduction (MBSR), Chiessa and Serretti, (2009) found a significant positive effect of mindfulness practices compared to no treatment, in reducing stress levels in healthy people. MBSR is a psychoeducational group intervention (Cadwell et al, 2010), where participants receive formal training in various
i am agree that the quote is relate to mindfulness practice and it is very important for everyone. Mindfulness practice or Mediation training can help a person to improves a wide range of willpower skills, including attention, focus, stress management, impulse control and self-awareness of the present
Mindfulness is a practice that requires an individual to be cognizant of the present state of mind. As a practice, mindfulness challenged everything that I was accustomed to. I tend to often think about the past and the future immensely, which made thinking about the present almost impossible. I preferred to reflect on the present after it happened, rather than while it was occurring. In this essay, I will be talking about how mindfulness aided me in being more accepting at Samaritans and being more forgiving in my personal life. Both values were deeply connected, and it is through mindfulness that I was able to realize how important they are.
Mindfulness should be a basic human quality. When I observe those people in the group, I once took part of, that are completely unaware of not only themselves but everything around them with their lack of manners and obtuse sense of presence; I feel as if it drops all meaning of humanities feats and leads it down an endless spiral of abhorrent barbarity. Once could not even imagine the abundance of obliviousness mixed with the absence of common humanistic qualities, that at first may not be readily apparent. These people hold a complete lack of basic human qualities in which to think about the emotions and feelings of others, let alone themselves. Only going out of their way to do something if they get a tangible benefit. Such ungratefulness
Additionally, measures are evaluated on a participant’s perception of mindfulness practice, making it difficult to interpret the data or criteria used to interpret the data (Malcoun, 2008). Furthermore, the data may be influenced by emotions of the participants. However, it is a quick and easy way to administer and is a relatively inexpensive method of collecting
Each of the readings had completely polar opposite opinions from one another and one of the readings in favor of a mindfulness outdoor experience had some evidence to support their side while the one favoring the realization that there is no self happens to be a psychologist. Each of these are important because we are entering nuances in our field and there is this craze to be mindful and it was interesting and different to read about a side against mindfulness and how there really isn’t any benefit at all and in fact, causing us more harm than good.
The psychological concept in this article relates mindfulness-based cognitive therapy. This form of therapy helps relapse or reoccurrence of certain conditions, mainly depression, anxiety and stress. This therapy or how the article would refer to as meditation, teaches individuals how to become more aware of thoughts, feelings and bodily sensations rather than causing
regarding one's present experience and a specific introduction towards this experience, described by interest, openness, and acceptance. For Kabat-Zinn (2003), mindfulness includes deliberately giving careful consideration to one's continuous tactile, cognitive, and sensitive experience, without expounding upon or judging any piece of this experience. The idea of mindfulness has been produced and expounded primarily by the psychologist, Ellen Langer, in spite of the fact that it likewise has roots in Eastern philosophy. Mindfulness is not a simple idea to characterize but rather it can be best comprehended as the procedure of drawing novel differentiation. It doesn't make a difference whether what is seen is vital or inconsequential the length
In the course of recent years, an interest has become quickly in the advantages of mindfulness practice. From its underlying applications in drug, mindfulness preparing has spread into the fields of brain research, social insurance, neuroscience, business, the military, and instruction. There are clear information that mindfulness in adults develops wellbeing and health by means of declines anxiety, uneasiness, and sorrow; expanding neuroendocrine
The notion of mindfulness has come to pervade Western culture over the past forty years. Whether it be through retreats, workshops, classes, or even apps, Westerners are delivered a daily dose of so-called mindfulness, leading some to feel more capable of dealing with the stresses of modern life. Along with this widespread adoption of mindfulness practices comes a disregard for the whole of Buddhism. Many people in the West believe the practice of Buddhism is simply sitting on a mat and closing one’s eyes, and have little to no awareness of the many other aspects that constitute Buddhism. In this research paper, I will explore mindfulness in the larger context of Buddhism, how it has come to permeate Western culture, and its uses and effects
Mindfulness is the process of becoming aware of the present moment and observing thoughts, emotions, sensations and perceptions as they arise without judgement to unwanted thoughts or sensations (Morrison & Bennet, 2012/2016). To accomplish mindfulness there are two necessary components. On the one hand, it is necessary to regulate attention to become fully aware of the current experience. On the other hand, it is essential to adapt to the experience to be open and accepting (Morrison & Bennet, 2012/2016). Mindfulness, and especially Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR), is based on the beneficial belief that it can ease symptoms “related to psychiatric, psychosomatic and physical disorders” (Bohlmeijer, Prenger, Taal & Cuijpers, 2010).
In this paper, I will describe my initial thoughts about the practice of mindfulness and my development regarding practicing it. Furthermore, I will explore the idea of being a mindful therapist and how I am hoping to apply this with patients in the future.