Literature Review On Air Pollution

2. “ Because of their efficiency and durability, diesel engines have become the standard in powering trucks and buses. Other heavy vehicles and mobile equipment, including bulldozers and cranes, are also powered by diesel engines, as are many commercial boats, and some passenger cars and trucks. Diesel technicians handle many kinds of repairs. They may work on a vehicle’s electrical system, make major engine repairs, or retrofit exhaust systems with emission control systems to comply with pollution regulations. Diesel engine maintenance and repair is becoming more complex as engines and other components use more electronic systems to control their operation. For example, fuel injection and engine timing systems rely

2. Maritime services to include electricity, water and refuelling; dry stack storage, winter layup onshore, wash down and general servicing facilities including refits and anti-fouling as well as a lift for vessels.

One significant innovation was the engine that was created in 1712 by Thomas Newcomen. It was, first created to be used in navigation and succeeding to power machinery which revolutionized the world and started the industrial era. The engine acts as a powerhouse making machines move, but needs fuel to keep it running. Mechanical Engineers are assigned to learn the functions of the engine itself and understand how to further improve it by making it reduce the consumption of fuel or to increase the power output. Unlike automobiles, ships and airplanes with their size, still need lots of fuel due to tremendous power needed to be able to move. Cars that run using electricity do not handle gas for fuel, making it eco-friendly, however they do not provide as much power as the cars that run with gas.

Motor vehicles are a leading source of air pollution. Even though automobile and truck engines have become far cleaner in recent decades, the sheer

Arizona is on the rise as one of the fastest metropolitan areas in the United States of America. In fact, in 2015 Forbes Magazine ranks Phoenix, Arizona as the 11th fastest growing city in the U.S.1 This growth is due the unprecedented resources and growing opportunities in the state of Arizona. With all of these opportunities come more production, which means more emissions from various industries and cars, more fossil fuels burned, and household and farming chemicals added to the sky. All of these are examples of pollution; which is one the sacrifices that comes with being a large city that is emerging. Pollution is defined as the action or process of making land, water, air, etc., dirty and not safe or suitable to use.2 We understand that Phoenix is a rapidly growing city, but they should be able to grow without being a detriment to the environment and health of their citizens. The purpose of my report is to examine the problem of air pollution in Phoenix, Arizona and look at solutions to fix this problem.

The stationary sources are such as industrial facilities and oil refineries while the transportation agents include trucks and cars. In comparison to other cities in U.S, those in California have too many cars. For instance, Los Angeles has too many vehicles exceeding the carrying capacity of the area which plays a role in the horrible air pollution of Southern California. The burning of fossil fuels from the industrial facilities and exhaust pipes of the vehicles lead to the formation of a ground level ozone. Over a period, the deteriorating of the air quality in California has resulted in greater health risks among residents.

The engine of the USS Monitor along with numerous other parts of the ship was designed by John Ericsson. The engine was a steam, single cylinder vibrating lever engine generated by two fire tube boilers” (military factory). The engine turned a nine inch diameter shaft which turned the propeller. This engine generated approximately 300 horsepower and was capable of driving the Monitor at six knots.

Beijing, China has a coal mining history of nearly 800 and some odd years. This has been a major air pollutant and the main reason for it is because its economy has grown substantially in the last 30 years. Worldwide, there are twenty cities with the highest, worst air pollution, sixteen of those cities are within China alone. The main causes of Beijing’s air pollution can be pointed to several factors. Large economical growth, an increase in vehicles on the roads, growth in population, and manufacturing. China has also experienced major economic growth with a large rise in Gross Domestic Product. This increase can be connected with pollution. Vehicles are just one contributor to pollution which we will discuss later in this paper.

Air, is one of the most substantial source to mankind and our planet. While it exists, so does everything else along. However, in today’s epidemic, there has been certain factors that have increased in understanding whether the air we breathe today is healthy or not? Is it doing more harm than we thought? In other words, the health risks against air pollution have risen in the past few decades; all from what you may ask? Well, it could be for various factors and evaluations; either environmental or materialistic. Pollution is a major public health crisis in the world. (Friis, 2012). This is one of the conflicts that contribute to various aspects of an individual’s life, whether they may realize it or not. In this paper will include the sources that cause pollution with the effects it cause as well as policies on the regulation of air pollution.

The world we live in is surrounded by diesel engines. They are on the freeways, railways, airways, and are one of the leading electricity producers in the world. They are also becoming more popular in automobiles. These engines are efficient and reliable and they are getting very sophisticated. However, the physics behind these engines has not changed.

(Many atomic reactors outfit dependable and adaptable shipboard force: military boats obviously. Be that as it may, the innovation is versatile to non military personnel sea transport.)

Diesel engines began to be used in automobiles in the 1930s. They are used in many trucks, ships, buses and small passenger cars in Europe right now.[1] Many believe that diesel engine are heavier, noisier and generate black smock when running. However, diesel engine’s unique advantages can make them the engine of the future for vehicles. And with much more stringent standard to take effect in the future, diesel engine’s emissions and control technologies are still very much in the forefront. This paper will cover the developments in diesel vehicles emission regulation and control technology for NOx, particulate matter (PM) for diesel vehicles.

Diesel engine is a very popular prime mover used for surface transportation, agricultural machinery needs and in industries. Diesel engines of more than 6.5 million units are being used only in the Indian agricultural sectors for different activities and the import of petroleum products is a major draw off on our foreign exchange sectors and with increasing demand in future years the condition is likely to become worse.

Since last century, air pollution has become one of the most popular topics related to people’s healthy life. After the Second World War, the consumption of fossil energy increase sharply due to the rapid development of industry and transportation, however, there almost no relevant environmental regulations to control the negative effects caused by industrial emissions. Therefore, air pollution became a growing problem. This paper will compare the conditions of air pollution between Los Angeles and Beijing, and discuss both reason and measures of their pollution.

Road transportation providers have adopted several innovations that have lowered the environmental impact of this transportation mode. The adoption of clean diesel technology by the industry has resulted in significant reductions in fuel use and emissions by trucks. This innovation in diesel engine