predominant underlying cause of premature death and disability in the modern world, attributing to 4.35 deaths per year in Europe alone. 1 This general category collectively comprises of all diseases of the heart and/or blood vessels including atherosclerosis, which is a chronic inflammatory disease that manifests in the wall of arteries 2 causing their narrowing and hardening due to the aggregation of fatty plaque deposits. More specifically it affects the intimal layer of elastic arteries i.e
2014) and with Atherosclerosis being one of the top diseases among African Americans and obese children. Atherosclerosis is described as the disease of clogged arteries from buildup of plaque, causing arteries to become narrow, thick, and stiff which makes blood flow very difficult to pass. As many factors do contribute to the growth of this disease, this literature review will discuss the factors of the African American race as well as children being affected by Atherosclerosis. The substances
Zachary Russo MOV 495 Dr. Sherman 3/28/15 Literature Review Background Atherosclerosis is a disease in which plaque builds up inside of the arteries. Arteries are blood vessels that carry oxygenated blood to the heart and other parts of the body (5). The plaque that forms can be composed of from fat, cholesterol, calcium, and other substances found in the blood, which is dependent on a person’s diet. Over time the plaque will cause the arteries to harden which will cause them to lose their elastic
Definition of Atherosclerosis Atherosclerosis is a disease dealing with the heart. This disease causes hardening, narrowing, or even blockage of the arteries, which makes the arteries thicken. Fat, calcium and plaque buildup are all components of atherosclerosis. The accumulations of calcium, fat, and plaque buildup quietly and slowly block the arteries, putting blood flow at an extremely high risk. Atherosclerosis is typically the reason for heart attacks, strokes, and peripheral vascular disease
Atherosclerosis, which leads to the formation of atheromas, is the foundation of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Though much is already known about the benefits of statins, their disease-modifying properties, in regards to inducing the regression of atheroma is still to be elucidated. Previous research has explored atheroma regression in specific diseases, but there is a need for a holistic literature review to come to a definitive conclusion as to whether atheroma reversal can occur. Atherosclerosis
assessment tools” with sleep duration and sleep quality. A systematic review 1. INTRODUCTION Sleep is essential to life, and it is estimated that humans spend one third of their lifetime sleeping 1. An estimated 50-70 million Americans suffer from sleep disorders, yet only 20% report it to their physicians. Poor sleep may be a risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD) and has serious biological consequences 2. A growing body of literature suggests a relationship between sleep parameters (sleep duration
pathogenesis of atherosclerosis and Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS). Small studies have shown that high levels of MPO are a poor prognostic factor in patients presenting with ACS. However, due to the small nature of these studies, the relationship between MPO and outcomes has not been confirmed. Here we aimed to examine the prognostic value of MPO in patients with ACS. METHODS: We performed a meta-analysis to compare the long-term prognosis of ACS patients with high MPO and low MPO levels. The literature was retrieved
Recently, research on the impacts of oxysterols has been piqued by its complicated and diverse role in immunity, apoptosis, cholesterol turnover, and atherosclerosis (13). Oxysterols are cholesterol derivatives containing an additional oxygen or oxide functional group, but are otherwise structurally similar to cholesterol. They are commonly found in foods that have undergone processing such as dried eggs, powdered milk, and cheeses (13). They can be produced non-enzymatically from attack by reactive
Ozougwu & Unakalamba, 2013). Diabetes is a condition that can have detrimental effects on the lives of people suffering from diabetes, diabetes is a condition that has long term side effects that can be life-threatening. The purpose of this literature review is to explore what is best evidence based nursing practice to improve wound healing of diabetic foot ulcers. Foot ulcers account for 60% of lower limb amputations, causes of lower limb amputations include peripheral vascular disease (any disorder
It is widely understood that cigarette smoking carries many serious health risks, especially for cardiovascular diseases such as atherosclerosis and hypertension (Rahman et al. 2007). Studies have shown that cigarettes release over 4000 different chemicals, all of which can wreak havoc on the every organ of the human body, especially the cardiovascular and pulmonary system, when inhaled (Jonas et al., 1992; Sin and Man 2003). Over 200 people die every day from complications due to cigarette smoking