Literature Review On Bhonga

First, the materials in a traditional home are different in Ethiopia and in the United States. In Ethiopia, They use soil, stones, straw, and water. They made the wall from mud. Even though it seems less attractive, it is more relevant. For instance,

Politics has always been closely related to the transformations of architecture styles. The transition of one region’s political dynamics will certainly influence the exterior forms and the structural connotations of the symbolic buildings. Different kind of political changes will also result different kind of architectural stylistic shift. The independence of Turkey as a new nation and the colonization of India by the British empire reflected the influence of political changes in architecture and how new architecture style is introduced during such periods.

Anasazi architecture of the Chaco Canyon region proves to be a very innovative form utilizing the surrounding environment to maintain a relatively permanent settlement for its inhabitants. These early architects incorporated very sound building techniques and mainly local materials to create the massive structures known as great houses. Though the structures were heavily labor intense during construction, the maintenance factor was very low, due to the durability of the materials. In Chaco Canyon structures, the use of sandstone was prevalent as a major building material because of its ease of use. "The soft sandstone is easily worked, and both soft blocks and hard tabular pieces are easily stacked,

This paper will employ close visual analysis of the The Vase that was created by skilled craftsmen [Tang dynasty (618–907)] describing how it’s minimalist design represents that it was a time when they focused on non-controversial themes when painting.

For this museum paper, I went to the Heritage of the Americas Museum at Cuyamaca College. The Heritage of the Americas Museum is a cultural and educational facility featuring the prehistoric and historic art, culture and natural history of the Americas; North, South and Central America. Even though this museum is specializes in housing early inhabitants of the Americas art and artifacts, they do posses some non-western pieces, specifically Chinese, which coincidentally became my favorite item out of all the exhibits and is what I chose to do my research on for this paper. But before I getting into one specific piece out of literally hundreds, I want to rewind back and discuss the Museum’s as a whole, and why I chose this one in particular instead

The construction of the Wall started in the Qin dynasty and finished thousands of years later in the Jin dynasty. In the Qin dynasty, the wall were made in a unique method. First they built a foundation by using raw earth and putting a thick layer on the bottom. After that they would put a layer of loess known as clay and silt on top. They would then build the wall up with rammed earth. To make the rammed Earth, they had to place a wooden frame on the foundation and then fill it with dirt. Then they would smash till it is very compact. They also would use stone bricks as shown in my slide to strengthen the wall. It is estimated that 300,000 soldiers and 500,000 common people were involved in the construction of the Great Wall under the command

Climate, one of the most defining characteristics, causes us to think of unique ways to live in extremes and some of these ideas are expressed in the architecture of our houses or even cities.

The Metropolitan Museum of Art has one of the finest Asian art collections that has enlightened and strengthened my understanding in my personal art experience. The Museum itself is an artistic architectural structure that graces the entire block on 82nd Street in Manhattan. Entering inside, I sensed myself going back into an era, into a past where people traded ideas and learned from each other. It is a past, where I still find their works of yesteryears vividly within my grasp, to be remembered and shared as if their reflections of works were cast for the modern devoted learner.

The Great Wall of China was instrumental in the evolution of modern wall building techniques. The Chinese traditionally used the hang?tu technique. This is when earth is put into wooden molds and beaten until it is as compact as possible. The molds are then removed and the hardened earth creates a wall. Some of the original earth walls stand as tall as 20 feet, and are as wide as 27 feet6. Earthen walls worked well in some areas but quickly eroded in desert areas. The Great Wall goes through a large variety of terrain, and there was a need for different styles of building. In the desert, there was a need for materials like wood and rocks to be put into the wall to make it erode slower. In the mountains harder materials like granite had to be used, so the wall would survive the harsh snowfall and wind. The Chinese wall builders were able to adjust their construction methods to fit each environment in which they were building. This changed the traditional approach to wall building. If a person were to walk the entire length of the wall, they would not only see a difference in the environment around the wall, but they would see the wall?s construction change to fit each environment.

Designs of many building reflect the climate conditions of the environment. A good example is View of Mulberry House and Street which depicts slave houses with steep roofs. The roof compromises over half the height of the house, allowing warm air to rise in the interiors and trap cooler air beneath it which gives a distinct advantage in the hot and humid climates.

The Great Wall of China was made out of rocks and stamped earth in the beginning, and then lime workshop and bricks slowly started getting poplular.

At first glance of the masonry of the wall, the composite structure shows that some parts are not attributes to the reconstruction during the sixteenth century but can be attributed to another series of repairs made by Mamluke, Ayyubid or other earlier Islamic rulers. Meanwhile, lower sections such as the base sections, give evidence of construction committed by Roman or Byzantine builders. Reading through Hamilton’s excavation report, a person can correspond each different style and set of masonry to reconstruct the sequence of the wall’s construction. According to Hamilton’s report, there were two distinct styles of surface treatment that predominated over all others, and there was a third important class of masonry represented by three individual stones. The earliest detected type of masonry was Style A which is represented by three individual stones. Style A was found below courses 11 and 12 of the curtain. As Hamilton’s team excavated the area, they found remnants of an area they had limited information about.

of stone, they have 4 walls and 1 roof. The Plate construction is believed to be used by 92% of

In this essay, I will compare and contrast two sacred spaces; Ise Jingu of Japan and the Great Stupa in India. First I will describe the sacred spaces and their artistic features, values and importance. Afterwards, will come the analysis comparing the two in architectural design and decisions, rather than the difference of religious belief or purpose.

     The Traditional Chinese houses have many differences in comparison with the North American houses. The building materials used in construction is the most distinct difference from North American’s. A typical Chinese farmhouse is built of sun-dried bricks or pounded earth, because wood is too expensive and scarce to use. On the other hand, many typical Northern American houses are built of wood. In addition to the variations of building materials used in constriction, the architectural planning of a traditional Chinese houses is also unique. A traditional Chinese house is built according to the “Court-yard System'; where by houses are built around a courtyard which is invisible to the outside. Windows are covered by a thin oiled paper which is also invisible in order to protect robbery and keep privacy. Nowadays, the traditional housing system seldom appears in Hong Kong because it is too expensive and may cost millions of dollars. Moreover, the housing in Hong Kong is usually apartments and skyscrapers which is different from the ancient China.