Literature Review On Colorectal Cancer

Prevention includes regular checkups, if found early enough “survival rate is 90%”, however only 4 out of 10 people find colonic cancer in this stage due to lack of regular checkups. Prevention also includes consuming the recommended amounts of fruits, vegetables, whole grains, and vitamins high in calcium and vitamin D. Risk factors include drinking, smoking, obesity, low activity, and a history of polyps.

Colorectal cancer mainly starts at colon or the rectum. They are common in most of the way like features, but they have different treatment. What is the different between colon cancer and rectum cancer? Colon cancer happens first four to five feet of the large intestine and rectal cancer happens in the last few inches of the large intestine where it is connected to anus.

Mr BW was a 74-year-old man who had a fall due to a new onset of seizures, which resulted, to a direct impact of his head on the ground while at home. While at the hospital, MR BW underwent a CT and MRI brain scan and showed a haematoma, which resulted to commencing of the patient on Keppra and Bezodiapenes. Moreover, Mr BW also developed a sudden onset of pleuretic chest pain, which was confirmed by CTPA as a small pleural effusion on the left lungs; while there was also pulmonary embolism on both upper and lower lobes of the left lung. Due to the development of a provoked pulmonary embolism, patient commenced on Clexane injection. In September 2015, an elective open abdominoperineal resection was performed on Mr BW, which resulted to prolonged stay in the hospital due to delayed wound healing.

What is Mr. Watt’s risk factors related to colon cancer? Consider all aspects of his health, his family history and his culture.

Colon cancer, also known as colorectal cancer is mostly found in adults age 50 and older. The most common symptoms are abdominal pain, weakness, fatigue, and weight loss. In the early stages of colon cancer not many symptoms are evident, when the symptoms do appear they vary depending on the location of where the growth is, and the size. Usually this type of cancer arrives in polyps, which are small non-cancerous growths that can become cancer over time.

It helps to understand cancer symptoms in order to get an early diagnosis. Sudden weight loss, cramping, thin stools and stools that contain blood are all symptoms of colon cancer. Any indication of symptoms like these should send you straight to the doctor for tests.

After 5 month of chemotherapy, she lost 10kg. This may due to the complication of chemotherapy and radio therapy. Due to this, she might be under risk of malnutrition. Considering her nutrition and mobility, her pressure ulcer risk assessment and fall risk assessment both states minimal risk. Before the surgery, patient was prescribed laxative for bowel preparation pre operation. Thus patient may pay attention to her stoma and change her stoma bag more frequently.

Maori aged 60-69 years were 1.5 times more likely to have an adenoma detected than Europeans of the same age (Ministry of Health, 2015). Maori were almost 1.5 times more likely to have an advanced adenoma detected than Europeans (Ministry of Health, 2015). Asians were over 1.5 times less likely to have an advanced adenoma detected than Europeans (Ministry of Health, 2015). There was a recommendation that Asians were less likely and Maori were more likely than Europeans to have neoplasia detected, but this was not statistically significant (Ministry of Health, 2015). Asians were less likely than Europeans to have either advanced adenoma or colorectal cancer detected (Ministry of Health, 2015). The Positive Predictive Values for adenoma and advanced adenoma was lower for females than males (Ministry of Health, 2015). The PPV for adenoma was about 1.5 times less for Asians

Understand the symptoms of some types of cancer, like colon cancer, if you hope to catch it. Sudden weight loss, cramping, thin stools and stools that contain blood are all symptoms of colon cancer. If you start to see these symptoms, schedule an appointment with your doctor

Colorectal cancer is cancer of the colon. It is also referred to as colon cancer. It is mostly found in people over the age of fifty. In the United States alone, it is the second leading cancer killer in the US. Colon cancer has four stages of cancer. The cancer can either be malignant or benign. The anatomy, signs and symptoms and treatments are all very important things to consider when encountering colon cancer.

You should know and be mindful of the signs of certain forms of cancer, such as colon cancer, should you hope to detect it early. Examples of colon cancer symptoms include sudden, inexplicable weight loss, bloody or thin stools and constant cramping. Get checked if you have these symptoms.

Colorectal cancer is the third most common cancer among men and women in the United States, and mutations in the MUTYH gene significantly increase the risk of developing polyps that may evolve into cancer.1,2 Biallelic mutations in the MUTYH gene can lead to MYH-Associated Polyposis (MAP), which causes the growth of dozens to hundreds of polyps, furthering increasing the risk for colon cancer.2 Meanwhile, recent studies have shown that both biallelic and monoallelic mutations can contribute to bladder, ovarian, gastric, hepatobiliary, endometrial, and breast cancer.3 The MUTYH gene itself codes for the MYH glycosylase enzyme, which repairs mistakes in DNA caused by reactive oxygen species.3,4 Also a sign of oxidative stress, the oxidation product, 8-oxo-7,8-dihydro-2-deoxyguanosine (OG), mimics thymine, eventually matching with adenine and resulting in a complete loss of the cytosine-guanine pair.4 MUTYH removes the undamaged A base from the mismatched pair, aiding in the correction of such damage.4 However, when MUTYH is mutated, there is an increase in G to T mutations, which can eventually affect the tumor suppressor genes APC and K-ras and lead to tumor formation.4 The MUTYH variants Y165C and G382D are the most common mutations seen in individuals with MAP, and for this reason are of great interest in research working towards reducing the risk of colorectal cancer.2,4 In recent years, the CRISPR/Cas system for gene editing has become the preferred method for

On of the most common symptoms is blood in the stool which is considered as a sing of having a problem in the digestive tract. Another symptom is a pain in the lower abdomen. Colon cancer also have another signs, such as weight loss with unknown reasons, and changing in the bowel habits. In addition, changing in the bowel habits could be diarrhea, constipation, and narrow stools. The earlier the patient diagnosed, the easier the treatment will be. Furthermore, a check should be done regularly after the symptoms start to appear to avoid the occurrence of high stages of

Colon cancer is a cancer impacts the rectum or colon which is the large intestine , and sometimes doctors and scholars called it colorectal cancer (1). However, why is it a deadly disease?.As it known cancer takes 5 to 10 years to causes symptoms. Therefore, colon cancer sometimes does not give any symptoms because it starts as polyps in the colon for years , before it develops to cancer, so it cannot be noticeable(1). Moreover, Most people with colon cancer do not express any symptoms in early stages,

It is without doubt that knowledge has evolved regarding colon cancer; several studies have determined that there are numerous causes of the disease. Colon cancer is the third leading cause of cancer related deaths in the United States (Brown, Hossain, & Forrester, 2013). Considering the vast information gathered regarding the etiology of colon cancer, it is essential for Americans to understand the importance of screenings in order to reduce the mortality rates related to the disease. Indeed, a priority for the community nurse is to identify those populations who are at risk for colon cancer in order to empower them with the knowledge required to obtain screenings and implement lifestyle changes that will increase their chance of survival.