Literature Review On Concrete

First, concrete durable. Concrete is something that will outlive other products up to three times over (“What Makes…”). In addition to durability, concrete is efficient. Concrete can be made with byproducts from power plants, and other aspects of manufacturing. Concrete is primarily made up limestone, the most abundant material on Earth. Above all of this concrete can be recycled. Concrete can be crushed and recycled into another structure or product, reducing the need to mine the limestone for production. Concrete also allows water to pass through which reduces the chance of flash flooding, erosion, and water table depletion as compared to other materials. This is a major check in the sustainability of concrete; the conservation of soil, landscape and ecosystems. Concrete is a very green option when it comes to building

Concrete is a tough and reliable material, and it can be used for a wide range of projects. Eventually though, a structure made from this versatile material will need to be replaced. At the very least, it may require repairs.

Concrete is the ultimate building block of society; there are a plethora of ways that it has been used. Romans were some of the first, in recorded history, to use it; they used it to build their aqueducts and even the Colosseum. If anything, the Romans were some of the first to make huge developments in concrete, and they were some of the first to actually use concrete on a large scale. America has also used concrete on a large scale, using concrete to build the Hoover Dam and the Grand Coulee Dam. Those examples show how concrete is an incredibly strong and durable building material that has remained standing after all these years and will continue to be the primary

In this quotation from the author Vitruvius, he explains the process and creation of concrete, emphasizes on its durability and how it can withhold the forces of nature. This new formula had a higher silica content then before, which essentially allowed to concrete to set under water and made it stronger then before.10 Overall, the use of concrete was crucial to construction in ancient Rome because it was extremely durable compared to other materials such as brick, stone, or wood.11 Having a successful and powerful empire was very important to the Roman’s as they believed that without a strong foundation, a strong empire would not be possible.12

Ultra high performance concrete (UHPC) represents a major progress step over normal strength concrete (NSC) and high strength concrete (HSC), through the achievement of very high strength and very low permeability. Basically, the UHPC is a concrete with compressive strength ranging 120 to 400 MPa, this “ultra” high strength is achieved through different techniques including the use of improved materials, ultra-fine pozzolans (e.g. silica fume), low water-cement ratio, improved quality and higher dosage of superplasticizer, use of fibers (metallic or synthetic) to increase the energy absorption capacity and decrease brittleness, high cementitious materials content, longer mixing time and heat treatment [1]. UHPC tensile strength varies from 10 to 30 MPa; and the modulus of elasticity is in the range of 60 – 100 GPa [2].

Concrete is a composite material used widely in the construction industry. Concrete is basically a mixture of cement, water, aggregates and admixture (sometimes). Cement is a fine gray powder that consists of oxidizes calcium, silicon and aluminum. The aggregate used is normally gravel, crushed stone or sand. Admixture is a solid or liquid substance that gives a certain characteristics of the concrete. The cement reacts with water chemically and binds the aggregates together through a process called hydration during hardening or curing of concrete. It means that water helps in the hardening of the concrete while the cement bind the aggregate and also react with water to form a solid mass.

2. When pressure exceeds the tensile strength of concrete, scaling can result if entrained-air voids are not present to act as internal pressure relief valves.

Autoclaved aerated concrete (“AAC”) is currently one of the many building products being touted as “green” or “environmentally friendly.” AAC is not a new building material. is a lightweight manufactured building stone. Comprised of all natural raw materials, AAC is used in a wide range of commercial, industrial, and residential applications and has been in use in Europe for over 70 years, the Middle East for the past 40 years, and South America and Australia for approximately 20 years.1 According to one manufacturer, AAC now accounts for over 40% of all construction in the United Kingdom and more than 60% of construction in Germany.

* Prof. Pranita S.Bhandari et al.., ‘Influence of silica fume on concrete’. The author concludes that concluded that with the increase in w/cm ratio strength of concrete decreases. The optimum value of compressive strength can be achieved in 10% replacement of silica fume

Reinforced concrete is a common building material for the construction of facilities and structures.  While concrete has a high compressive strength, it has a very limited tensile

In the present paper, the addition of fly ash and an expansive agent to the concrete of or a thin layer of fly ash to the interface between steel tube and concrete to improve the compressive strength. More over This paper

Concrete is a significant structural material used all around the world. Moreover, the complexity of structures and their magnitude have continued to increase, and this has resulted in a greater importance of their strength and distortion characteristics in more serious consequences of their behaviour. Engineers have been working on the development of innovative types of concrete. One of the most promising products is fiber-reinforced concrete (FRC). Fibers in concrete provide better-quality mechanical and physical properties of the material. For example, the obtained fiber-reinforced concrete has higher resistance to cracking. In this paper we will be discussing fiber reinforced concrete as an alternative to the conventional concrete.

According to ASTM C469, Elastic modulus of concrete is directly measured by the static uniaxial compressive test which is called static elastic modulus. As explained previously, there are many relationships between the compressive strength of concrete and its modulus of elasticity, which found from experimental researches. A comparison of published relationships, it clear that some

Abstract-Concrete is the most widely used construction material in civil engineering industry because of its high structural strength and stability. Cement and sand is a major constituent material of the concrete which produced by natural raw material like lime and silica and natural sand respectively. Once situation may occurs there will be no lime on earth production of cement also natural sand. This situation leads to think all people working in construction industry to do research work on cement replacing material and natural sand for use of it. The construction industry is constantly looking for supplementary cement and natural sand material with the objective of reducing the solid waste disposal problem. Ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS), quarry sand are the solid wastes generated by Industry. To overcome from this crisis, partial replacement of Cement with GGBS, natural sand with quarry sand (QS) can be an economic Alternative. The cubes are tested for compressive strengths. Ordinary Portland cement was partially replaced by GGBS of 0%, 30%, 40%,50% and natural

With the continuous improvement of modern architectural functions, higher requirements of concrete have been put forward. Under the circumstance of high technology, concrete technology is developed towards high-strength, high-workability and high durability. Since the 1990s, along with a variety of new cementitious materials, mineral admixtures, superplasticizer and the new development and application of other additives, the production of concrete with good workability, excellent mechanical properties and also high durability can become a reality (Laskar, 2011). This new type of concrete is called high-performance concrete (HPC). Compared to the conventional concrete, HPC has high strength, high resistance and high durability. Therefore, high-performance concrete is the inevitable result of the development of modern concrete technology.