Literature Review On Heart Failure

Heart failure is a chronic, progressive condition in which the heart muscle is unable to pump enough blood through to meet the body 's needs for blood and oxygen. Basically, the heart can 't keep up with its workload. American Heart Association Statistics (2016) reveals that heart failure accounts for 36% of cardiovascular disease deaths. Projections report a 46% increase in the prevalence of Heart Failure (HF) by 2030 by affecting over 8 million people above 18 years with the disease. Healthy People 2020 goals are focused on attaining high quality longer lives free of preventable diseases, promotion of quality of life, healthy development and healthy behaviors across all stages of life (Healthy People 2020, 2015).

When CHF starts to become worse, fluid can start to fill up in a person’s lungs and sometimes even throughout a person’s body. The fluid could cause a person to feel out of breath even while resting, swelling in the legs, ankles, or feet, weight gain, feeling bloated, and coughing, wheezing, and having to use the bathroom more at night. There is also a possibility that CHF can happen all of a sudden. When it starts to happen, it is called sudden heart failure. It will eventually cause congestion from fluid building up in the lungs. Symptoms can start to happen by having severe shortness of breath, an irregular or maybe even a fast heart beat and it may even cause coughing up foamy, pink mucus (Heart-Failure

Heart failure affects nearly 6 million Americans. It is the leading cause of hospitalization in people older than 65. Roughly 550,000 people are diagnosed with heart failure each year (Emory Healthcare, 2014). Heart failure is a pathologic state where the heart cannot pump enough blood to meet the demand of the body’s metabolic needs or when the ventricle’s ability to fill is impaired. It is not a disease, but rather a complex clinical syndrome. The symptoms of heart failure come from pulmonary vascular congestion and inadequate perfusion of the systemic circulation. Individuals experience orthopnea,

There are many causes for heart failure. The most common cause is coronary heart disease (Moore and Roth, 2015). CHD is a disease in which the coronary arteries are blocked, preventing the heart muscles from getting the oxygenated blood they need. Heart failure can be caused by other present or past conditions like high blood pressure, diabetes, abnormal heart valves, diseased heart muscle, irregular heartbeats, heart defects, serious lung disease, poisons or substance abuse, and sleep apnea (Heart Failure Overview).

Congestive heart failure patients may need multiple medications. Each medication option treats a different symptom or contributing factor and comes

Congestive Heart Failure (CHF) is defined as a serious heart condition that prevents the heart from providing adequate blood flow to other parts of the body, causing a buildup of fluids in organs such as the lungs and kidneys (Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure). This heart condition affects approximately 670,000 people a year and is one of the leading causes of death for older people (Heart Disease and Congestive Heart Failure). Congestive heart failure, a chronic heart condition, manifests itself by causing fatigue, shortness of breath and edema; consequently, the treatments are basic and there remains no cure.

Heart failure (HF) is defined as a multifaceted clinical syndrome that can result from any structural or functional cardiac disorder that impairs the ability of the ventricle to fill with or eject blood. In HF, the heart may not provide tissues with adequate blood for metabolic needs, and cardiac-related elevation of pulmonary or systemic venous pressures may result in organ congestion1. In the United States, HF is increasing in incidence with about 5.1 million people suffering from HF and half of people who develop HF die within 5years 2. Over 75% of existing and new cases occurred in individuals over 65 years of age, < 1% in individuals below 60 years, nearly 10% in those over 80 years of age. HF costs the

The author also uses images to help understand the topic how CHF happens more efficiently. Further more in the article the author discusses how the nurses should manage CHF representing what medications are important elements of CHF treatment, such as angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitors and angiotensin II receptors blockers (ARBs), which the are key medication in managing CHF. Further more William & Wilkins (2012) indicate that diuretics are another class of medication that plays a major role in the treatment of CHF. The article also discusses other options that are available for patient whose condition is not under control, such as medical devices: pacemakers and other devices that can be implanted. For patient that in there last stage of CHF, the author suggested that palliative care and or hospice

Lack of adequate blood flow to the human body can disturb critical components of homeostasis. Despite significant progress in our understanding of CHF, there is no specific therapy that works for every patient. Therefore, health care providers must approach patients with a clear understanding of the disorder. Moreover, treat each patient on an individual basis. Hopefully, with new health models as powerful predictors of heart failure and forward moving technologies and treatments for the care of heart failure, patients may have meaningful outcomes and

There is no cure for heart failure at this time so it is important for you to take good care of yourself. One way to do that is to make sure you follow the treatment plan set by your health care provider. If you are living with heart failure, there are ways to help you manage the disease.

(Heart Failure Society of America, 2010). HF is accountable for 25% of all readmission within 30 days in the United States and represents an estimated $17 million dollars in healthcare spending (Desai, 2012). HF is most commonly seen in person’s age 65 or greater with common clinical presentations of dyspnea with exertion, orthopnea, edema in lower extremities and weight gain Patients often experience frequent exacerbations and decompensations (Anderson, 2014). The Heart Failure Society of America (2010) published the Comprehensive Heart Failure Practice Guidelines with the underlying goal to improve symptoms and to optimize the patient’s volume status. These guidelines include evidence based recommendations for “prevention, evaluation, disease management, and pharmacologic and device therapy” (Heart Failure Society of America, 2010, p 476). The Institute for Healthcare Improvement (n.d.) supports the balance of evidence based treatment during acute admission but asserts that it is equally as important to assess and provide patient education for self-management after

Patients with chronic heart failure present with decreased exercise tolerance. It is important that a well-designed exercise prescription is followed at all times and the appropriate health care provider such as the cardiologist is in agreement with your treatment plan. Query the physician if there is any specific exercise precautions or guidelines that are distinct to the patient. Furthermore, these particular patient populations may sometimes overexert themselves. Symptoms such as dyspnea, dizziness or lightheadedness,

Congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart is unable to efficiently pump blood to supply the body with adequate blood flow and it can cause fluid to build up in the lungs. There are several disease processes and risk factors that predispose an individual to this condition. CHF can be chronic or acute and life threatening, and most of these patients are in the older adult population. Some symptoms of CHF include fatigue, shortness of breath, edema, and diminished exercise capacity. There are several medical management techniques for this condition including lifestyle modifications, medications and surgical intervention. Below, I will summarize two articles on two different medical treatments for CHF.

In today’s age of modern medicine and technology, there have been many advances in the treatment of heart disease. These treatment options have the ability to prolong the life of patients suffering from severe cardiac diseases, and in many cases, allow these patients to live a stable lifestyle for many years. Often, the end-stage events of cardiac disease result in advanced heart failure, in which case the best course of action is a heart transplant [1]. Due to the shortage of available donors for heart transplants,

These are mainly subjected to the type of underlying heart disease, the person’s reaction to certain medications, and the extent and severity of the impairment. Heart disease is considered to be a chronic condition, and there can be complications following periods of medication-induced improvement. However, people with heart disease can better overcome their conditions as new medications and treatment options are being developed, and by abiding by specific diets such as a heart healthy meal