2 Literature Review
Based on the research design and challenges for this dissertation, the scope of the literature review includes three key areas that will be discussed hereafter:
1. Noise and smartphone noise data collection. o Noise and indices. o Noise data collection applications. o Participatory sensing.
2. Noise mapping. o Noise data. o Predicting Noise Exposure Levels.
3. Estimating a total number of buildings and population exposed to noise levels >55 dB.
2.1 Noise and Smartphone Noise Data Collection
2.1.1 Noise
Sound waves oscillate air molecules producing alternating sound pressure levels. The varying frequencies and amplitude of these sound waves can be detected by the human ear. To the human ear, the frequency is perceived as pitch and amplitude perceived as loudness (Bies and Hanson, 2003). Sound pressure level is commonly expressed using a weighted system because the highest sound pressure level tolerated by the human ear is 10 million times larger than the smallest. There are many noise weightings which are a spectrum of amplitude vs frequency, designed to measure specific frequency ranges. When measuring environmental noise it is practical to measure only the frequencies that the human ear can hear. Epidemiological studies have indicated that the human auditory system is capable of detecting a frequency range between 20 and 20,000 Hz and is most sensitive to frequencies between 1 and 5 kHz (Peters et al., 2011). Considering this, a noise weighting system
Noise mapping and exposure monitoring: Measurements are collected using a noise evaluation instrument, sounds level meters, octave band analyzers, and noise dosimeters. All equipment
In the literature review, process and develop a conceptual framework of the issue or problem that is being researched. This section should present a comprehensive review of the historical and current literature on the topic. The literature review should:
EDE 325 Assignment 1 Case study (30%). Due 20th June, 2016, 1500 words (10% leeway +/-) Includes intext references.
On Saturday, January 7th I interviewed Amy Beard. Amy is a program manager for FEMA in Emmitsburg, Maryland at the National Emergency Training Center or known as NETC. Amy has worked at NETC for eighteen years and two years as a supervisor. Currently, there are ten full-time employees signed to her work contract with her. As her job, her employees and her offer online training courses in emergency preparedness and maintain student records, as well as run a customer service department. After interviewing Amy, I learned more beneficial information about small group communication, especially in a work setting.
Sound waves are nothing more than an energy transfer through a medium be it through a liquid, solid, or a gas. Sound pressure or intensity is measured on logarithmic scale in decibels dB which increases on an order of magnitude. For instance a quiet conversation would be around 30 dB and whereas the human pain threshold would be just over 100 dB. While the pitch or frequency of the sound is measured in hertz or Hz, the higher the hertz the higher the pitch of the sound and vice versa (Hildebrand, 2004).
I'll never forget the first time I survived going to Six Flags. The wind blowing every time you pass a roller coaster coming your way, the screams of the children, the fear and anxiety before going into the cart, and the delicious smell of all the food! When I was little I HATED roller coasters I hated the feeling in my stomach I get when I go down, but as you know you grow out of fears sometimes and start liking new things as you get older. For me one of them was starting to like roller coasters.
Therefore, the following literature review will examine articles and their findings within this controversial topic.
Chapter 9 provides recommendations as to how future research could further support this research paper.
Going Green Recycling Center Financial Overview Date: FY1 FY2 Ordinary Income Processing Tipping Fee $814,020.00 $826,230.30 Grants 0.00 0.00 Program Service Fees 254,048.00 257,849.00 Sales Revenue 689,384.00 720,669.00 Investment Income 0.00 0.00 Inventory 0.00 0.00 Other Sales 5,665.25 5,835.21 Total Income $1,763,117.25 $1,810,583.51 Cost of Goods Sold 65.94 67.92 Freight 0.00 0.00 Total Income and Goods Sold 65.94 67.92 Gross Profit $1,763,051.31 $1,810,515.58 Expenses Payroll 444,561.47
This study sought to answer three research questions. Although the questions have been presented in previous chapters, they are worth presenting again.
In this section, there are two main articles selected that will be further analyze by providing a concise description of the articles, which include the purpose of the article, questions of the authors address, key findings and their conclusion.
The researchers in the beginning of the article discuss their literature review in order to inform the reader on the subject. Here, they use data from an array of sources, ranging from the current and primary sources, organizing
The purpose of this review is to narrate and provide the details of published academic studies about the
LITERATURE REVIEW RESEARCH METHODS Conceptual framework RESULT CONCLUSION DISCUSSION Recommendation Limitation of the study REFERENCES
A review of the literature provides more detailed information on the chosen topic. Its purpose is to give the researcher knowledge that will form the foundation for his or her study and therefore, the information must be related to the topic. Not only does it provide basic information on the variables in the topic but also covers various relatable studies conducted in the past; how, where they were conducted, and the conclusions that the researcher(s) came to. Literature can be obtained from a wide variety of sources; newspapers, journals, databases, books, encyclopedias, digital sources, and much more. Information obtained in this section helps the researcher understand the magnitude of the problem defined in the first stage, recognize any consequences and gaps that other researchers may have not filled, and identify potential strategies to combat the problem. It serves as a secondary source of information. Based on