Literature Review On Soft Landings

In this present day, buildings have changed and evolved rapidly throughout its time. A building is not merely just a structure with roof and walls but have also become a self-sustaining integrated structure where it provides noteworthy benefits to the building occupants and end user with the use of ever-growing technology and clever design. With the increase in popularity of intelligent building, many building owners seek into this concept of integrating technology with building structure as a long term solution to maximize the efficiency and productivity from the occupants. Similarly with the current development and advancement in information and communication technology, it is only natural that these attributes have greatly influenced the rapid change and innovation in building integration system and structure.

The indefinite growth of the human population, has monumental impacts on the natural environment, not only in the UK, but around the globe. Architecturally, the entire process of designing and constructing a building, both domestic and not, can lead to the rapid exhaustion of natural resources across the planet. Building with environmental design strategies in mind not only combats the impact we as humans have on the natural environment, but also has considerable economic benefits, due to lower running costs of buildings and advanced occupant productivity. There are also many social benefits, such as improved air quality which resultantly leads too enhanced health of a buildings occupants.

"Sustainable Architecture" - this phrase in recent years is mentioned a lot. The concept of "sustainable architecture" is associated, even identified with the concept of green architecture, ecological architecture, environmentally friendly, energy efficient ... to reach a stable value for the environment human life, reduce negative impacts on the environment in the present and future. However, although this interpretation is correct, but only one aspect, because that's what people are missing and need to achieve. Try to reach and understanding of sustainable architecture in general and more simple ...

Being environmentally friendly isn’t merely a trend. After thousands of years of using the earth’s resources, we have finally come to realize that we are destroying this beautiful gift we were honored with. Architects play an influential role in trying to preserve this gift by encouraging a multitude of strategies that can be more cost efficient in the long run, be more comfortable for its users, and most importantly, have a lower carbon footprint. Strategies can include drastic changes to heat and air systems, construction material selections, or even specific design details to the architecture of a building that would reduce the amount of energy it consumes.

(1)3D Coordination (2) Design Reviews (3)Design authoring (4)Construction System Design (5) Existing Condition Modeling (6) 3D Control and planning (7) Programming (8) Phase planning(4D modeling) (9) Record Modeling (10) Site Utilization Planning (11) Site analysis (12) structural Analysis (13) Energy Analysis (14) Cost Estimation (15)Sustainability LEED Evaluation (16) Building System Analysis (17) Space Management /Tracking (18)Mechanical Analysis (19) Code Validation (20) Lighting Analysis (21) Other Engineering analysis (22)Digital Fabrication (23) Asset Management (24) Building Maintenance Scheduling (25) Disaster Planning.

According to Lauren Slater, “the larger group, the more emboldened you would become, the less fearful, the more likely you would be to reach out across danger” (101). In contrast, she also mentioned that “[the] more people witnessing an event, the less responsible any one individual feels and, indeed, is, because responsibility is evenly distributed among the crowd” (102). These ideas look like conflicting with each other: one is getting confidence and the other is losing identity in a large group. Why each person takes such an action in a group?

Today’s Designers, Architects and Constructors have a duty of care to strive to produce energy efficient and energy saving buildings. Where possible the sustainability of resources / materials and techniques must be a primary concern in the decision making process.

On september 15, 1950 during the Korean war U.S marine force made a surprise amphibious landing at the strategic port of Inch’on, on the west coast of Korea. The location had been criticized as too risky, but the United Nations supreme commander insisted on carrying out the bold landing. Afterward, the American led U.N force was able to break North Korean supply lines and push inland to recapture Seoul, the south Korean capital that had fallen to the communists in June. the landing at inchon changed the course of the war. The conflict later settled into a long, bloody stalemate that did not end until July 1953.

Technological sustainability in construction- ‘Indicator based sustainability assessment tool for affordable housing construction technologies’ (H. Wallbaum∗, Y. Ostermeyer, C. Salzer, E. Zea

A: Various construction companies are being called upon to reduce enviormental impact and this site can help to make that easier.

During concept design and developed design stages, BIM technology and processes were used to develop and establish building performance and the basis of design in accordance with the client’s standards. The models were required to be interoperable with analytic tools for, including but not limited to, building envelope, orientation, daylighting, energy consumption, Building Management System (BMS), renewable energy strategies, life cycle cost analysis, and spatial requirements (Andrian X Sanchez 2015). Thus the main stakeholders of the PCH project established a series of BIM-related objectives:

Population development is an issue set to move us all, not only those in the construction industry. Population development will put amplified stress on the world’s resources, with physical space on behalf of one of the most precious resources on the planet. It’s up to the construction workers and the architects to understand how to use urban spaces more professionally and efficiently, accommodating additional people in luxury without reducing resources drastically. Expanding populations and increasing economies overseas are expected to have a knock-on effect on Britain's construction industry, too. Britain has a worldwide recognised ability for design, architecture and engineering, although, according to the 2025 strategy report, we’re yet

University of Technology, Sydney is university located near the heart of the Sydney City Centre. The establishment of the institution traces back to the 1870s and currently has four campuses with several buildings and facilities within the campuses. UTS currently owns the land and the existing building located at 720 Harris Street Ultimo Sydney. With works commencing around mid to late 2015, UTS plans to take on board and implement sustainability measures by retrofitting optimum sustainable development. With this consideration in mind, UTS however, is uncertain on the aspects they wish to implement as retrofit works which is why they are seeking professional advice to explore sustainable options and better understand the optimum sustainability measures in the development with whole life cycle in mind. This report, outlines a certain sustainable retrofitting option and explores deeply on the criteria it will target, the outcomes and the long term benefits for the building of the university.

Sustainable construction must be considered as the proper response to the ongoing practices that are currently applied in the construction industry to deliver its products. A study carried out by BREA and AEAT reveals that only “in England, construction, demolition and refurbishment activities produce around 33% of all waste”; furthermore, “around 380 million tonnes of resources are consumed by the construction industry each year” (BRE; AEAT, 2012). The scope of the negative impact the construction industry is having upon the environment through processes such as the acquiring of materials, the procedures undertaken to develop products and their eventual deposition, became a UK government must-solve issue. Tony Blair, as a reply to the global scientific consensus of climate change being a result of human activity stated that “we can move the debate from whether there is a problem to how to deal with it” (HM Government, 2011).

page 3: page 4: page 5: page 6: page 7: page 8: page 9: page 10: ASTRON Multi-Storey buildings Tailor-made buildings Steel structure Intermediate floor system Double skin roof (DSR) Alternative roof systems Wall systems Reference buildings